POZNÁMKY
(Plný zoznam citátov nájdete na www.wwnorton.com.)
SKRATKY
Add. Mss.—— Additional Manuscripts, British Library, Londýn
AHR—— American Historical Review
Assi 45—— Northern Assize Circuit Depositions, Public Record Office, Londýn
Bargellini, „Vita Notturna“——Piero Bargellini, „La Vita Notturna“, vo Vita Privata a Firenze nei Secoli XIV e XV (Florencia, 1966), 75–89
BC—— British Chronicle (Londýn)
Beattie, Crime—J. M. Beattie, Crime and the Courts in England, 1600–1800 (Princeton, N.J., 1986)
Beck, Diary——David Beck, Spiegel van Mijn Leven; een Haags Daboek uit 1624, ed. Sv. E. Veldhijsen (Hilversum, 1993)
Best, Books——Donald Woodward, ed., The Farming and Memorandum Books of Henry Best of Elmswell, 1642 (Londýn, 1984)
BL—— British Library, Londýn
Bodl.—— Bodleian Library, Oxford
Bourne, Antiquitates Vulgares——Henry Bourne, Antiquitates Vulgares; or, the Antiquities of the Common People …(Newcastle, Eng., 1725)
Bräker, Life——Ulrich Bräker, The Life Story and Real Adventures of the Poor Man of Toggenburg, prekl. Derek Bowman (Edinburgh, 1970)
Brand 1777——John Brand, Observations on Popular Antiquities … (New Castle upon Tyne, 1777)
Brand 1848——John Brand et al., Observations on the Popular Antiquities of Great Britain . . . , 3 diely (Londýn, 1848)
Breton, Works—Alexander B. Grosart, ed., The Works in Verse and Prose of Nicholas Breton . . . , 2 diely (1879; rpt. edn., New York, 1966)
Burke, Popular —Peter Burke, Popular Culture in Early Modern Europe (Londýn, 1978)Culture
Burt, Letters——Edward Burt, Letters from a Gentleman in the North of Scotland to His Friend in London . . . , 2 diely (Londýn, 1754)
Cannon, Diary—Memoirs of the Birth, Education, Life, and Death of Mr. John Cannon, 1684–1742, Somerset Archaeological and Natural History Society, Taunton, Anglicko
Carter, Diary——Jack P. Greene, ed., The Diary of Colonel Landon Carter of Sabine Hall, 1752–1778, 2 diely (Charlottesville, Va., 1965)
Clegg, Diary——Vanessa S. Doe, ed., The Diary of James Clegg of Chapel en le Frith, 1708–1755, 2 diely (Matlock, Angl., 1978)
Cohens, Italy——Elizabeth Storr Cohen and Thomas V. Cohen, Daily Life in Renaissance Italy (Westport, Ct., 2001)
Cole, Diary——Francis Griffin Stokes, ed., The Blecheley Diary of the Rev. William Cole … 1765–67 (Londýn, 1931)
Cowper, Diary——Denník madam Sarah Cowper, Hertfordshire County Record Office, Hertford, Anglicko
Crusius, Nocte—Jacobus Andreas Crusius, De Nocte et Nocturnis Officiis, Tam Sacris, Quam Prophanis, Lucubrationes Historico-Philologico-Juridicae (Bremen, 1660)
Defoe, Tour——Daniel Defoe, A Tour thro’ the Whole Island of Great Britian . . . , 2diely (1724–1726; rpt. edn., Londýn, 1968)
Dekker, Writings——Thomas Dekker, The Wonderful Year [Etc] and Selected Writings, ed. E. D. Pendry (Cambridge, Mass., 1968)
Dietz, Surgeon——Master Johann Dietz, Surgeon in the Army of the Great Elector and Barber to the Royal Court: From the Old Manuscripts in the Royal Library in Berlin, prekl. B. Miall (Londýn, 1923)
Drinker, Diary——Elaine Forman Crane et al., eds., Denník Elizabeth Drinker, 3 diely (Boston, 1991)
DUR——Daily Universal Register (Londýn)
Dyer, Diary——Denník Williama Dyera, 2 diely, Bristol Central Library, Bristol
East Anglian Diaries——Matthew Storey, ed., Two East Anglian Diaries, 1641–1729: Isaac Archer and William Coe (Woodbridge, Angl., 1994)
ECR——George Francis Dow, ed., Records and Files of the Quarterly Courts of Essex County, Massachusetts, 8 dielov (Salem, Mass., 1911–1921)
Evelyn, Diary——Esmond Samuel De Beer, ed., Denník Johna Evelyna, 6 dielov (Oxford, 1951)
F. Platter, Journal——Seán Jennett, ed. a prekl., Beloved Son Felix: The Journal of Felix Platter, a Medical Student in Montpellier in the Sixteenth Century (Londýn, 1962)
Falkus, „Lighting“——Malcolm Falkus, „Lighting in the Dark Ages of English Economic History: Town Streets before the Industrial Revolution“, v ed. D. C. Coleman a A. H. John, Trade, Government, and Economy in Pre-Industrial England: Essays Presented to F. J. Fisher (Londýn, 1976), 248–273
Flaherty, Privacy——David H. Flaherty, Privacy in Colonial New England (Charlottesville, Va., 1972)
FLEMT——David I. Kertzer and Marzio Barbagli, eds., Family Life in Early Modern Times, diel 1 z The History of the European Family (New Haven, 2001)
G and LDA——Gazetteer and London Daily Advertiser
G and NDA——Gazetteer and New Daily Advertiser (Londýn)
Garnert, Lampan——an Garnert, Anden i Lampan: Etnologiska Perspektiv på ljus Och Mörker (Štokholm, 1993)
GM——Gentleman’s Magazine (Londýn)
Griffiths, Youth——Paul Griffiths, Youth and Authority: Formative Experiences in England, 1560–1640 (Oxford, 1987)
Grose, Dictionary——Francis Grose, A Classical Dictionary of the Vulgar Tongue (Londýn, 1785)
Harrison, Description——William Harrison, The Description of England, ed. Georges Edelen (Ithaca, N.Y., 1968)
Heywood, Diaries——J. Horsfull Turner, ed., The Rev. Oliver Heywood, B.A., 1630–1702; His Autobiography, Diaries, Anecdote and Event Books . . . , 4 diely (Brighouse, Angl., 1882)
HMM and GA——Harrop’s Manchester Mercury and General Advertiser
HPL II——Georges Duby, ed., Revelations of the Medieval World, prekl. Arthur Goldhammer, diel 2 z Philippe Ariès and George Duby, eds., History of Private Life (Cambridge, Mass., 1988)
HPL III——Roger Chartier, ed., Passions of the Renaissance, prekl. Arthur Goldhammer, diel 3 z Philippe Ariès and Georges Duby, eds., History of Private Life (Cambridge, Mass., 1989)
HWW III——Natalie Zemon Davis and Arlette Farge, eds., Renaissance and Englightened Paradoxes, diel 3 z Georges Duby and Michelle Perrot, eds., A History of Women in the West (Cambridge, Mass., 1993)
Isham, Diary——Norman Marlow, ed., The Diary of Thomas Isham of Lamport (1658–81) … (Farnborough, Angl., 1971)
Janekovick-Römer, „Dubrovniks“ Zdenka Janekovick-Römer, ‘Post Tertiam Campanam’: Das Nachtleben Dubrovniks im Mittelalter“, Historische Anthropologie 3 (1995), 100–111
JIH——Journal of Interdisciplinary History
Josselin, Diary——Alan Macfarlane, ed., Denník Ralpha Josselina (Londýn, 1976)
JRAI——John Cameron a John Imrie, eds., The Justiciary Records of Argyll and the Isles, 1664–1742, 2 diely (Edinburgh, 1949, 1969)
JSH——Journal of Social History
JUH——Journal of Urban History
Jütte, Poverty——Robert Jütte, Poverty and Deviance in Early Modern Europe (Cambridge, 1994)
Kay, Diary——W. Brockbank a F. Kenworthy, eds., The Diary of Richard Kay, 1716–51 of Baldingstone, Neary Bury: A Lancashire Doctor (Manchester, 1968)
Koslofsky, „Court Culture“——Craig Koslofsky, „Court Culture and Street Lighting in Seventeenth-Century Europe“, Journal of Urban History 28 (2002), 743–768
Lavater, Spirites——Lewes Lavater, Of Ghostes and Spirites Walking by Nyght, 1572, ed. John Wilson Dover a May Yardley (1572; rpt. ed., Oxford, 1929)
LC——London Chronicle
LDA——London Daily Advertiser
Lean, Collectanea——Vincent Stuckey Lean, Lean’s Collectanea … , 4 diely (Bristol, 1902–1904)
Legg, Low-Life——Thomas Legg, Low-life or One Half of the World, Knows not How the Other Half Live … (Londýn, 1750)
Le Loyer, Specters Pierre Le Loyer, A Treatise of Specters of Straunge Sights, Visions, and Apparitions … (Londýn, 1605)
LEP——Lloyd’s Evening Post (Londýn)
LE-P——London Evening-Post
Lewis, Diary——Denník Johna Lewisa, 1718–1760, Bodleian Library, Oxford, MS. Eng. misc. f. 10
LM——Leeds Mercury
Lottin, Chavatte——Alain Lottin, Chavatte, Ouvrier Lillois: Un Contemporain de Louis XIV (Paríž, 1979)
Lowe, Diary——W. L. Sachse, ed., The Diary of Roger Lowe (New Haven, 1938)
Matthiessen, Natten——Hugo Matthiessen, Natten: Stuier I Gammelt Byliv ([Kodaň], 1914)
Ménétra, Journal——Jacques-Louis Ménétra, Journal of My Life, ed. Daniel Roche, prekl. Arthur Goldhammer (New York, 1986)
Moryson, Itinerary——Fynes Moryson, An Itinerary Containing His Ten Yeeres Travell . . . , 4 diely (Glasgow, 1907)
Moryson, Unpublished Itinerary——Charles Hughes, ed., Shakespeare’s Europe: A Survey of the Condition of Europe at the End of the 16th Century, being Unpublished Chapters of Fynes Moryson’s Itinerary (1617) . . . (New York, 1967)
Muchembled, Violence——Robert Muchembled, La Violence au Village: Sociabilitié et Comportements Populaires en Artois du XVe au XVIIe Siècle (Turnhout, Francúzsko, 1989)
Nashe, Works——Ronald B. McKerrow, ed., The Works of Thomas Nashe, 5 vols. (Oxford, 1958)
NHCR I——Charles J. Hoadly, ed., Records of the Colony and Plantation of New Haven, 1638–1649 (Hartford, Ct., 1857)
NHCR II——Charles J. Hoadley, ed., Records of the Colony or Jurisdiction of New Haven, 1653 to the Union (1663) (Hartford, Ct., 1858)
NHTR——Franklin Bowditch Dexter and Zara Jones Powers, eds., New Haven Town Records, 3 vols. (New Haven, 1917–1962)
NYWJ——New York Weekly Journal
O’Dea, Lighting——William T. O’Dea, The Social History of Lighting (Londýn, 1958)
OBP——The Proceedings on the King’s Commissions of the Peace, Oyer and Terminer, and Gaol Delivery for the City of London; and also Gaol Delivery for the County of Middlesex, Held at Justice-Hall in the Old Bailey
ODNB——Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (Oxford, 2004)
OED——Oxford English Dictionary, 1st edn. (Oxford, 1888–1928)
PA——Public Advertiser (Londýn)
Parkman, Diary——Francis G. Walett, ed., The Diary of Ebenezer Parkman 1703–1782 (Worcester, Mass., 1974)
Paroimiographia——Paroimiographia: Proverbs, or, Old Savves & Adages, in English (or the Saxon toung) Italian, French, and Spanish, whereunto the British, for Their Great Antiquity and Weight are Added . . . (Londýn, 1659)
Patten, Diary——Denník Matthewa Pattena z Bedfordu, N. H. (Concord, N. H., 1903)
Pepys, Diary——Samuel Pepys, Denník Samuela Pepysa, ed. Robert Latham a William Matthews, 11 dielov (Berkeley, Calif., 1970–1983)
PG——Pennsylvania Gazette (Philadelphia)
Pinkerton, Travels——John Pinkerton, ed., A General Collection of the Best and Most Interesting Voyages and Travels in all Parts of the World … , 17 dielov (Londýn, 1808–1814)
Pitou, „Coureurs de Nuit“——Frédérique Pitou, „Jeunesse et Désorde Social: Les Coureurs de Nuit á Laval au XVIIIe Siècle“, Revue d’Histoire Moderne et Contemporaine 47 (2000), 69–92
PL——Public Ledger (Londýn)
PL 27——Palatinate of Lancaster Depositions, Public Record Office, Londýn
Pounds, Culture——Norman John Greville Pounds, The Culture of the English People: Iron Age to the Industrial Revolution (Cambridge, 1994)
Pounds, Home——Norman John Greville Pounds, Hearth & Home: A History of Material Culture (Bloomington, Ind., 1989)
PP——Past and Present
RB——William Chappell and J. W. Ebsworth, eds., The Roxburghe Ballads, 9 dielov (1871–1899; rpt. edn., New York, 1966)
Remarks 1717——Remarks on Severall Parts of Flanders, Brabant, France, and Italy in the Yeare 1717, Boldleian Library, Oxford
Ripae, Nocturno Tempore——Polydori Ripae, Tractatus de Nocturno Tempore: In quo Absoluta Criminalium Praxis, Canonicaeq; Materiae, Beneficiorum Praecipuè Continentur. Contractus Etiam, Seruitutes, Judicia Civilia, Vltimae Voluntates ad Susceptam Prouinciam Obseruantur (Benátky, 1602)
Roche, Consumption——Daniel Roche, A History of Everyday Things: The Birth of Consumption in France, 1600–1800, prekl. Brian Pearce (Cambridge, 2000)
Ruff, Violence——Julius R. Ruff, Violence in Early Modern Europe, 1500–1800 (Cambridge, 2001)
Ryder, Diary——William Matthews, ed., Denník Dudleyho Rydera, 1715–1716 (Londýn, 1939)
SAI——William Shaw Mason, comp., A Statistical Account, or Parochial Survey of Ireland, Drawn Up from the Communications of the Clergy, 3 diely (Dublin, 1814–1819)
Sanderson, Diary—Denník Roberta Sandersona, St. John’s College, Cambridge
Sanger, Journal——Lois K. Stabler, ed., Very Poor and of a Lo Make: The Journal of Abner Sanger (Portsmouth, N. H., 1986)
SAS——Sir John Sinclair, ed., The Statistical Account of Scotland: Drawn up from the Communications of the Ministers of the Different Parishes, 21 vols. (Edinburgh, 1791–1799)
Schindler, „Youthful Culture“——Norbert Schindler, „Guardians of Disorder: Rituals of Youthful Culture at the Dawn of the Modern Age“, in Giovanni Levi a Jean-Claude Schmitt, eds., A History of Young People in the West (Cambridge, Mass., 1997), 240–282
Schindler, Rebellion——Norbert Schindler, Rebellion, Community and Custom in Early Modern Germany, prekl. Pamela E. Selwyn (Cambridge, 2002)
Scott, Witchcraft——Reginald Scott, The Discoverie of Witchcraft (Carbondale, Ill., 1964)
Select Trials——Select Trials at the Sessions-House in the Old-Bailey (1742; rpt. edn., New York, 1985)
Sewall, Diary——Milton Halsey Thomas, ed., Denník Samuela Sewalla, 1674–1729, 2 diely (New York, 1973)
SH——Social History
SJC——St. James Chronicle (Londýn)
SWA or LJ——Sussex Weekly-Advertiser: alebo Lewes Journal
Swift, Journal——Jonathan Swift, Journal to Stella, ed. Harold Williams (Oxford, 1948)
SWP——Paul Boyer a Stephen Nissenbaum, eds., The Salem Witchcraft Papers: Verbatim Transcripts of the Legal Documents of the Salem Witchcraft Outbreak of 1692, 3 diely (New York, 1977)
T. Platter, Journal——Seán Jennett, ed. a prekl., Journal of a Younger Brother: The Life of Thomas Platter as a Medical Student in Montpellier at the Close of the Sixteenth Century (Londýn, 1963)
Taillepied, Ghosts——Noël Taillepied, A Treatise of Ghosts … , prekl. Montague Summers (1933; rpt. edn., Ann Arbor, Mich., 1971)
Thomas, Religion and the Decline of Magic——Keith Thomas, Religion and the Decline of Magic: Studies in Popular Beliefs in Sixteenth and Seventeenth Century England (Londýn, 1971)
Thoresby, Diary——Joseph Hunter, ed., Denník Ralpha Thoresbyho, 2 diely. (Londýn, 1830)
Tilley, Proverbs in England——Morris Palmer Tilley, ed., A Dictionary of the Proverbs in England in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries . . . (Ann Arbor, Mich., 1966)
Torriano, Proverbi——Giovanni Torriano, Piazza Universale Di Proverbi Italiani: or, a Common Place of Italian Proverbs (Londýn, 1666)
Torrington, Diaries——John Byng, 5th Viscount Torrington, The Torrington Diaries … , ed. C. Bryan Andrews, 4 diely (New York, 1935)
Turner, Diary——David Vaisey, ed., Denník Thomasa Turnera 1754–1765 (Oxford, 1985)
UM——Universal Magazine
US and WJ——Universal Spectator, and Weekly Journal (Londýn)
Verdon, Night——Jean Verdon, Night in the Middle Ages, prekl. George Holoch (Notre Dame, Ind., 2002)
VG——Virginia Gazette (Williamsburg)
Watts, Works——George Burder, comp., The Works of the Reverend and Learned Isaac Watts . . . , 6 dielov (Londýn, 1810)
Weinsberg, Denník——K. Höhlbaum et al., eds., Das Buch Weinsberg, Kölner Denkwürdigkeiten aus dem 16. Jahrhundert, 5 dielov (Leipzig-Bonn, 1886–1926)
Wilson, English Proverbs——F. P. Wilson, ed., The Oxford Dictionary of English Proverbs (Oxford, 1970)
WJ——Weekly Journal (Londýn)
WMQ——William and Mary Quarterly
Wood, Life——Andrew Clark, comp., The Life and Times of Anthony Wood, Antiquary, of Oxford, 1632–1695 … , 5 dielov (Oxford, 1891–1900)
Woodforde, Diary——John E. Beresford, ed., Denník farára, 5 dielov (Londýn, 1924–1931)
WR or UJ——Weekly Register, or, Universal Journal (Londýn)
York Depositions——Depositions from the Castle of York, Relating to Offences Committed in the Northern Counties in the Seventeenth Century (Londýn, 1861)
PREDSLOV
1. Tryon, Wisdom’s Dictates: Or, Aphorisms & Rules . . . (Londýn, 1691), 68.
2. Middleton, A Mad World, … (Londýn, 1608); Rousseau, Emile: or On Education, prekl. Allan Bloom (New York, 1979), 133. George Steiner ako jeden z prvých v moderných pamätiach spomína nedostatok pozornosti venovaný noci, keď v roku 1978 uvádza: „Množstvo ľudí prežilo veľkú časť svojich životov v rôznych odtieňoch tmy medzi západom slnka a ránom – je to fakt, ktorí sociálni historici väčšinou neuvádzajú.“ (A Reader [New York, 1984], 351). Skutočne, predmet noci je naďalej na každej úrovni historických štúdií prehliadaný, a to od prieskumov západnej kultúry až po akademické monografie. Najlepšie ju opísal Matthiessen, Natten, napriek danému veku a záhadnosti. K ostatným patria Maurice Bouteloup, „Le Travail de Nuit dans la Boulangerie“ (Ph.D. diss., Université de Paris, 1909); A. Voisin, „Notes sur la Vie Urbaine au XV. Siècle: Dijon la Nuit“, Annales de Bourgogne 9 (1937), 265–279; Bargellini, „Vita Notturna“. Neskôr sa učenci začali zaoberať vybranými aspektami nočného života, ale noc ako celok v podobe širokého sociálneho alebo kultúrneho ponímania zostala neprebádaná. Pozri Elisabeth Pavan, „Recherches sur la Nuit Vénitienne à la Fin du Moyen Age“, Journal of Medieval History 7 (1981), 339–356; Peter Reinhart Gleichmann, „Nacht und Zivilisation“, v Soziologie: Entdeckungen im Alltäghchen (Frankfurt, 1983) Martina Caethge a Wolfganga Essbacha, 174–194; Silvia Mantini, „Per un’Immagine Della Notte fra Tercento e Quattrocento“, Archivio Storico Italino 4 (1985), 565–594; Wolfgang Schivelbusch, Disenchanted Night: The Industrialization of Light in the Nineteenth Century, prekl. Angela Davies (Berkeley, Calif., 1988); Corinne Walker, „Esquisse Pour une Histoire de la Vie Nocturne: Genéve au XVIIIe Siècle, Revue du Vieux Genève 19 (1989), 73–85; Piero Camporesi, Bread of Dreams: Food and Fantasy in Early Modern Europe, prekl. David Gentilcore (Chicago, 1989), 92–102; Robert Muchembled, „La Violence et la Nuit sous l’Ancien Régime“, Ethnologie Francaise 21 (1991), 237–242; Mario Sbriccoli, ed., La Notte: Ordine, Sicurezza e Disciplinamento in Età Moderna (Florencia, 1991); Janekovick-Römer, „Dubrovniks“; Joachim Schlör, Nights in the Big City: Paris, Berlin, London 1840–1930, prekl. Pierre Gottfried Imhof a Dafydd Rees Roberts (Londýn, 1998); Paul Griffiths „Meanings of Nightwalking in Early Modern England“, Seventeenth Century 13 (1998), 212–238; Bryan D. Palmer, Cultures of Darkness: Night Travels in the Histories of Transgression (New York, 2000); Pitou, „Coureurs de Nuit“; Schindler, „Youthful Culture“; Verdon, Night; Schindler, Rebellion; Koslofsky, „Court Culture“.
3. G. C. Faber, ed., The Poetical Works of John Gay … (Londýn, 1926), 204; Edward Ward, The Rambling Rakes, or, London Libertines (Londýn, 1700), 58; Christopher Sten, “‘When the Candle Went Out’: The Nighttime World of Huck Finn“, Studies in American Fiction 9 (1981), 49. O „čase“ Biblia vyhlasuje: „Všetko má svoju dobu a čas, každý zámer pod nebom.“ (Ecclesiastes III, 1).
4. Michael McGrath, ed. a prekl., Cinnine Amhiaoibh Ui Shuileabháin: The Diary of Humphrey O’Sullivan, 4 diely, (Londýn, 1936–1937); Émile Guillaumin, The Life of a Simple Man, ed. Eugen Weber, prekl. Margaret Crosland (Hanover, N. H., 1983); Thomas Hardy, Tess of the d’Urbervilles: A Pure Woman (1891; rpt. edn., Londýn, 1993), 18.
5. Eugen Weber, Peasants into Frenchmen: The Modernization of Rural France, 1870–1914 (Stanford, Calif., 1976), 419.
ZATVÁRANIE SA
1. Fletcher and Francis Beaumont, Fifty Comedies and Tragedies (Londýn, 1679), 217.
2. Lorus Johnson Milne and Margery Joan Milne, The World of Night (New York, 1956), 22; Thomas Hardy, The Return of the Native (1880; rpt. edn., Londýn, 1993), 19; 5. nov. 1830, Michael McGrath, ed., Cinnine Amhiaoibh Ui Shuileabháin: The Diary of Humphrey O’Sullivan (Londýn, 1936), II, 355–356; John Florio, comp., Queen Anna’s New World of Words, or Dictionarie of the Italian and English Tongues (Londýn, 1611), 79. Škriekanie sovy sa tradične považovalo za predzvesť smrti. Gilbert White, The Natural History and Antiquities of Selborne (Londýn, 1994), 142–143; Brand 1848, III, 209–210.
3. Shakespeare, The Merchant of Venice, V, 1, 124, and Measure for Measure, IV, 1, 56–57.
PRVÁ ČASŤ
ÚVOD
1. Daniel Boorstin, The Discoverers (New York, 1983), 26.
2. Edmund Burke, A Philosophical Enquiry into the Origins of Our Ideas of the Sublime and Beautiful (1757; rpt. edn., New York, 1971), 272–281; John Locke, An Essay Concerning Human Understanding, ed. Peter H. Nidditch (Oxford, 1975), 397–398.
3. Juliette Favez-Boutonier, L’Angoisse (Paríž, 1945), 134–150.
4. The Iliad, prekl. Robert Fitzgerald (New York, 1992), 338; Kevin Coyne, A Day in the Night of America (New York, 1992), 35; Richard Cavendish, The Powers of Evil in Western Religion, Magic, and Folk Belief (New York, 1975), 88–89; Geoffrey Parrinder, Witchcraft: European and African (Londýn, 1970), 123–124; Norman Cohn, Europe’s Inner Demons: An Enquiry Inspired by the Great Witch-Hunt (New York, 1975), 206–207.
5. Žalmy 23:4; John 1:5; Matthew 27:45; Cavendish, Powers of Evil, 87–91; Ernst Cas-sirer, The Philosophy of Symbolic Forms, prekl. Ralph Manheim (New Haven, 1964), 98–99.
6. Alan Macfarlane, Witchcraft in Tudor and Stuart England: A Regional and Comparative Study (Londýn, 1970), 212; Lucy Mair, Witchcraft (New York, 1969), 42–43; B. Malinowski, „The Natives of Mailu: Preliminary Results of the Robert Mond Research Work in British New Guinea“, in Transactions and Proceedings of the Royal Society of South Australia 39 (1915), 647–648; Parrinder, Witchcraft, 134–146; John Middleton a E. H. Winter, eds., Witchcraft and Sorcery in East Africa (Londýn, 1969), na rôznych miestach.
7. Rolfe Humphries, prekl., The Satires of Juvenal (Bloomington, Ind., 1966), 43–44; Mark J. Bouman, „Luxury and Control: The Urbanity of Street Lighting in Nineteenth-Century Cities“, JUH 14 (1987), 9; Hazel Rossotti, Fire (Oxford, 1993), 59; O’Dea, Lighting, 14–16, 220.
8. Richard M. Dorson, ed., America Begins: Early American Writing (Bloomington, Ind., 1971), 280, 282; Theodore M. Andersson, „The Discovery of Darkness in Northern Literature“, v podaní Roberta B. Burlina a Edwarda B. Irvinga, Jr., eds., Old English Studies in Honour of John C. Pope (Toronto, 1974), 9–12.
PRVÁ KAPITOLA
1. Nashe, Works, I, 345.
2. J. P. Arival, The Historie of this Iron Age: Wherein is Set Down the True State of Europe as It Was in the Year 1500 … , prekl. B. Harris (Londýn, 1659), 2; George Herbert, Jaculum Prudentium: or Outlandish Proverbs … (Londýn, 1651), 70; „Quid Tunc“, SJC, Aug. 29, 1767; Honoré de Balzac, The Human Comedy (New York, 1893), II, 6; William G. Naphy and Penny Roberts, eds., Fear in Early Modern Society (Manchester, 1997).
3. Richard Steele, The Husbandmans Calling … (Londýn, 1670), 270; Shakespeare, Henry V, IV, 0, 4; Shakespeare, The Rape of Lucrece, 764–767; Anthony J. Lewis, „The Dog, Lion, and Wolf in Shakespeare’s Descriptions of Night“, Modern Language Review 66 (1971), 1–11; Anthony Harris, Night’s Black Agents: Witchcraft and Magic in Seventeenth-Century English Drama (Manchester, 1980); Jean-Marie Maguin, La Nuit dans le Théâtre de Shakespeare et de ses Prédécesseurs, 2 diely, (Lille, 1980).
4. John Hayward, Hell’s Everlasting Flames Avoided … (Londýn, 1712), 30; Shakespeare, Love’s Labour’s Lost, IV, 3, 252; Thomas Granger, The Light of the World… (Londýn, 1616), 29; Piero Camporesi, The Fear of Hell: Images of Damnation and Salvation in Early Modern Europe, prekl. Lucinda Byatt (University Park, Pa., 1991), 42; Nashe, Works, I, 346; John Dryden and Nathaniel Lee, Oedipus (Londýn, 1679), 27; Jean Delumeau, La Peur en Occident, XIVe-XVIIIe Siècles: Une Cité Assiégée (Paríž, 1978), 97; Robert Muchembled, „La Violence et la Nuit sous l’Ancien Régime“, Ethnologie Francaise 21 (1991), 241.
5. Anthony Synnott, „The Eye and the I: A Sociology of Sight“, International Journal of Politics, Culture and Society 5 (1992), 619, 618; Constance Classen, Worlds of Sense: Exploring the Senses in History and Across Cultures (New York, 1993), 58.
6. Maria Bogucka, „Gesture, Ritual, and Social Order in Sixteenth- to Eighteenth-century Poland“, in Jan Bremmer and Herman Roodenburg, eds., A Cultural History of Gesture (Ithaca, N.Y., 1992), 191.
7. Pozri, napr. US a WJ, 9. júl 1737.
8. Thomson, The Seasons, ed. James Sambrook (Oxford, 1981), 192.
9. Mill, A Nights Search: Discovering the Nature and Condition of all Sorts of Night Walkers … (Londýn, 1639); Herberts Devotions . . . (Londýn, 1657), 231; Mark Warr, „Dangerous Situations: Social Context and Fear of Victimization“, Social Forces 68 (1990), 892–894.
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65. An Effectual Scheme for the Immediate Preventing of Street Robberies, and Suppressing All Other Disorders of the Night … (Londýn, 1731), 62; Edmond-Jean-François Barbier, Journal d’un Bourgeois de Paris sous le Règne de Louis XV (Paríž, 1963), 169; Matthiessen, Natten, 12; Jeffry Kaplow, The Names of Kings: The Parisian Laboring Poor in the Eighteenth Century (New York, 1972), 22–23.
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60. 30. apr. 1645, Josselin, denník, 39; 18. máj 1668, Pepys, denník, IX, 204.
61. James Gregory, 26. nov. 1773, Assi 45/31/2; 6., 11. sept. 1794, 6. jún 1795, Drinker, denník, I, 590, 592, 689; 2. dec. 1766 a 8. feb. 1767, Cole, denník, 161, 184.
62. Vittore Branca, ed., Mercanti Scrittori: Ricordi Nella Firenze Tra Medioevo e Rinascimento (Miláno, 1986), 379; 31. mar. 1771, Carter, denník, I, 554–555; 15. dec. 1780, 14. apr. 1781, 13. apr. 1785, 28. dec. 1794, 14. a 17. mar. 1795, Woodforde, denník, I, 298, 307, II, 184, IV, 163, 182, 183.
63. Pinkerton, Travels, II, 94; 20. máj 1786, Denník Samuela Adamsa, 1758–1819, New York Public Library, a na rôznych miestach; 7. jún 1745, Kay, denník, 97, a na rôznych miestach.
64. Laurel Thatcher Ulrich, „Martha Ballard and Her Girls: Women’s Work in Eighteenth-Century Maine“, in Stephen Innes, ed., Work and Labor in Early America (Chapel Hill, N.C., 1988), 70; D. B. Horn a Mary Ransome, eds., English Historical Documents, 1714–1783 (New York, 1957), 671–672; 10. apr. 1785, 1. okt. 1804, „Mrs. Ballard’s Diary“, in Charles E. Nash, The History of Augusta, Maine (Augusta, Maine, 1904), 237, 421, a na rôznych miestach; PL, 22. okt. 1765; Laurel Thatcher Ulrich, A Midwife’s Tale: The Life of Martha Ballard, Based on Her Diary, 1785–1812 (New York, 1990), 203; Anthony F. Aveni, Empires of Time: Calendars, Clocks, and Cultures (New York, 1989), 35.
65. 1. apr. 1657, Josselin, denník, 395; 14. apr. 1768, Woodforde, denník, I, 74.
66. Abel Boyer, Dictionaire Royal … (Amsterdam, 1719); Marvin Lowenthal, prekl., The Memoirs of Glückel of Hameln (n.p., 1932), 120; Frank D. Prager, ed., The Autobiography of John Fitch (Philadelphia, 1976), 41; Mary J. Dobson, Contours of Death and Disease in Early Modern England (New York, 1997), 274–276.
67. Paroimiographia (angl.), 8; 6. apr. 1669, East Anglian Diaries, 119; Benjamin Franklin, Writings, ed. J. A. Leo Lemay (New York, 1987), 221; Thoresby, denník, I, 7.
68. Smith, De Republica Anglorum, ed. Mary Dewar (Cambridge, 1982), 107; OBP, na rôznych miestach; Brettone, Father’s Life, prekl. Veasey, 119; Henry Brisker, 9. apr. 1766, Assi 45/28/2/124; Elizabeth S. Cohen, „Honor and Gender in the Streets of Early Modern Rome“, JIH 22 (1992), 614.
69. 13. dec. 1672, Isham, denník, 175; Henry Preston, Assi 45/14/1/135; OBP, Apr. 24–27, 1745, 137.
70. OBP, 10. máj 1722, 7; Select Trials, I, 305.
71. ECR, VIII, 101; OBP, 16.-21. okt. 1728, 15. apr. 1724, 4–5, 8.-14. apr. 1752, 131.
72. Jean-Louis Flandrin, Families in Former Times: Kinship, Household and Sexuality, prekl. Richard Southern (Cambridge, 1979), 44; 5. okt. 1725, Sanderson, denník, 80–81; OBP, 16.-18. jan. 1745, 62–63; Samuel H. Baron, ed. a prekl., The Travels of Olearius in Seventeenth-Century Russia (Stanford, Calif., 1967), 150. Tiež pozri A. Voisin, „Notes sur la Vie Urbaine au XV. Siécle: Dijon la Nuit“, Annales de Bourgogne 9 (1937), 276.
73. Bonaventure Des Périers, Cymbalum Mundi: Four Very Ancient Joyous and Facetious Poetic Dialogues (New York, 1965), 66. Tiež pozri OBP, 2.-5. máj 1739, 86; Select Trials, III, 336; The Authentick Tryals at large of John Swan and Elizabeth Jeffryes … (Londýn, 1752), 10, 11.
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2. 28. aug. 1624, Beck, denník, 159–160; 27. nov. 1683, Heywood, denníky, II, 341; Sandford Fleming, Children & Puritanism (New York, 1969), 148.
3. Suzanne Chantal, La Vie Quotidienne au Portugal, après le Tremblement de Terre de Lisbonne de 1755 (Paríž, 1962), 245.
4. 24. dec. 1647, Yorkshire Diaries & Autobiographies in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries (Durham, Angl., 1886), 81–82; 5. jan. 1763, Frederick A. Pottle, ed., Boswell’s London Journal, 1762–1763 (New York, 1950), 125; 7.-31. aug. 1732, Clegg, denník, I, 151–152.
5. Samuel Briggs, The Essays, Humor, and Poems of Nathaniel Ames, Father and Son, of Dedham, Massachusetts, from Their Almanacks, 1726–1775 (Cleveland, 1891), 67; 21. máj 1707, Cowper, Diary; Robert W. Malcolmson, Life and Labour in England, 1700–1780 (New York, 1981), 95–96; Burke, Popular Culture; Robert Muchembled, Popular Culture and Elite Culture in France, 1400–1750, prekl. Lydia Cochrane (Baton Rouge, 1985), 1–107.
6. Rousseau, Emile: or On Education, prekl. Allan Bloom (New York, 1979), 63.
7. Bacon, Essays (Oxford, 1930), 3; Le Loyer, Specters, fo. 105; Lucretius, On the Nature of Things: De Rerum Nautra, ed. and prekl. Anthony M. Esolen (Baltimore, 1995), 93; Leon Battista Alberti, The Family in Renaissance Florence, prekl. Renée Neu Watkins (Columbia, S.C., 1969), 63.
8. Bacon, Essays, 3; Scott, Witchcraft, 139; Herman W. Roodenburg, „The Autobiography of Isabella de Moerloose: Sex, Childrearing, and Popular Belief in Seventeenth Century Holland“, JSH 18 (1985), 522, 521, 523–524; Rudolf Dekker, Childhood, Memory and Autobiography in Holland: From the Golden Age to Romanticism (New York 2000), 28, 81–84; Mark Motley, Becoming a French Aristocrat: The Education of the Court Nobility, 1580–1715 (Princeton, N.J., 1990), 48–49.
9. H. C. Barnard, prekl., Fénelon on Education (Cambridge, 1966), 8; Pinkerton, Travels, II, 757; Timothy J. Casey, ed., Jean Paul: A Reader, prekl. Erika Casey (Baltimore, 1992), 339; Olwen Hufton, „Women, Work, and Family“, in HWW III, 40; Linda A. Pollock, „Parent-Child Relations“, in FLEMT, 197.
10. Thomas Bewick, A Memoir of Thomas Bewick, ed. Iain Bain (Londýn, 1975), 16.
11. Dialogues on the Passions, Habits, and Affections Peculiar to Children … (Londýn, 1748), 40; William Hazlitt and Elbridge Colby, eds., The Life of Thomas Holcroft (New York, 1968), I, 14–15. Tiež pozri Hibernicus; or Memoirs of an Irishman … (Pittsburgh, 1828).
12. Rousseau, Emile, prekl. Bloom, 137; Mollie Harris, A Kind of Magic (Londýn, 1969), 104–105; Restif de la Bretonne, Monsieur Nicolas; or, the Human Heart Laid Bare (Londýn, 1966), 29; Autobiography of John Younger, Shoemaker, St. Boswells (Kelso, Eng., 1881), 45; Mrs. Laura M., Oct. 7, 14, 1938, „Game Songs and Rhymes“, American Life Histories: Manuscripts from the Federal Writers’ Project, 1936–1940, Manuscripts Division, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.; Percy B. Green, A History of Nursery Rhymes (1899; rpt. edn., Detroit, 1968), 78–80.
13. Thomas Balston, The Life of Jonathan Martin … (Londýn, 1945), 3. Tiež pozri napr. Joseph Bougerel, Vie de Pierre Gassendi … (1737; rpt. edn., Geneva, 1970), 3.
14. Torriano, Proverbi, 171.
15. 7. mar. 1787, Diary of Dr. Samuel Adams, Diary, 1758–1819, New York Public Library; Jan. 4, 1705, Cowper, Diary.
16. Griffiths, Youth, 135; Robert Morgan, My Lamp Still Burns (Llandysul, Wales, 1981), 64; Bräker, Life, 57–58, 63, 67; Ménétra, Journal, 24; Valentin Jamerey-Duval, Memoires: Enfance et Éducation d’un Paysan au XVIIIe Siècle, ed. Jean Marie Goulemot (Paríž, 1981), 114; Pounds, Culture, 273–274, 409.
17. Joachim Schlör, Nights in the Big City: Paris, Berlin, London 1840–1930, prekl. Pierre Gottfried Imhof a Dafydd Rees Roberts (Londýn, 1998), 57; Alberti, Family in Renaissance Florence, prekl. Watkins, 107.
18. PG, 11. feb. 1789.
19. OED, s.v. „cat’s eye“; T. Row, „Hints for Constructing Glasses to Shew Objects in the Night“, GM, 1777, 59; Lorus Johnson Milne and Margery Joan Milne, The World of Night (New York, 1956), 8–9; Faber Birren, The Power of Color . . . (Secaucus, N.J., 1997), 228–229. See also C. E. Roybet, ed., Les Serées de Guillaume Bouchet Sieur de Brocourt (Paríž, 1874), III, 238–239.
20. John Caspall, Making Fire and Light in the Home Pre-1820 (Woodbridge, Eng., 1987), 223–227; O’Dea, Lighting, 70–76.
21. 15. nov. 1729, Sanderson, Diary, 30; OBP, Apr. 4, 1733, 119; Thomas Wright, The Homes of Other Days: A History of Domestic Manners and Sentiments in England . . . (New York, 1871), 460.
22. Eric Partridge, A Dictionary of the Underworld … (New York, 1950), 448; Eugène Defrance, Histoire de l’Éclairage des Rues de Paris (Paríž, 1904), 30–33; Christopher Hibbert, Venice: The Biography of a City (New York, 1989), 166; Jeremy D. Popkin, ed., Panorama of Paris: Selections from Le Tableau de Paris, Louis-Sébastien Mercier (University Park, Pa., 1999), 132.
23. Defoe, Second Thoughts Are Best … (Londýn, 1729), 15; G. C. Faber, ed., The Poetical Works of John Gay . . . (Londýn, 1926), 81; Popkin, ed., Panorama of Paris, 132; The Novels and Miscellaneous Works of Daniel Defoe (Londýn, 1885), 515.
24. OBP, Oct. 4, 1719, 5.
25. Donald E. Crawford, ed., Journals of Sir John Lauder (Edinburgh, 1900), 120; Harry Ross-Lewin, With „The Thirty-Second“ in the Peninsular and other Campaigns, ed. John Wardell (Dublin, 1904), 146.
26. Torriano, Proverbi, 89; Shakespeare, Venus and Adonis, 825–826. Lokality neustále obmedzovali používanie pochodní. Kvôli nebezpečenstvu ohňa z otvorených plameňov začali mestá koncom 17. storočia používať lampáše. Štokholm v roku 1725 vyhradil pochodne pre kráľovskú rodinu. Matthiessen, Natten, 28.
27. Tilley, Proverbs in England, 471; Anne Elizabeth Baker, comp. Glossary of Northamptonshire Words and Phrases … (Londýn, 1854), 95; G. F. Northall, comp., A Warwickshire Word-Book … (1896; rpt. edn., Vaduz, Liecht, 1965), 167; J. W. Goethe, Italian Journey, 1786–1788 (New York, 1968), 325; OED, s.v. „night-sun“.
28. Victor Hugo Paltsits, „Journal of Benjamin Mifflin on a Tour from Philadelphia to Delaware and Maryland, July 26 to Aug. 14, 1762“, Bulletin of the New York Public Library 39 (1935), 438; Mary Yates, Dec. 11, 1764, Assi 45/28/1/16.
29. William Dickinson, comp., A Glossary of Words and Phrases Pertaining to the Dialect of Cumberland (Londýn, 1878), 103; OBP, Sept. 15–18, 1762, 164; Street Lighting Manual: Prepared by the Street and Highway Lighting Committee of the Edison Electric Institute (New York, 1969), 63–64; Milne and Milne, World of Night, 10.
30. Robert Bator, Masterworks of Children’s Literature, 1740–1836: The Middle Period (New York, 1983), 254; „A.B.“, SJC, Sept. 13, 1764; Margaret Spufford, Small Books and Pleasant Histories: Popular Fiction and Its Readership in Seventeenth-Century England (Atény, Ga., 1981), 2; Michael O’Malley, „Time, Work and Task Orientation: A Critique of American Historiography“, Time & Society 1 (1992), 350.
31. Bradford Torrey, ed. The Writings of Henry David Thoreau (Boston, 1906), II, 372; 21. nov. 1786, Woodforde, denník, II, 284; Edward Browne, Journal of a Visit to Paris in the Year 1664, ed. Geoffrey Keynes (Londýn, 1923), 22; 28. feb. 1664, Pepys, denník, V, 68, I–IX, na rôznych miestach; Swift, Journal, I, 356, na rôznych miestach; 9. nov. 1792, Dorothy Heighes Woodforde, ed., Woodforde Papers and Diaries (Londýn, 1932), 80.
32. OBP, 8. dec. 1742, 16; OED, s.v. „shepherd’s lamp“; John Clare, Cottage Tales, ed. Eric Robinson et al. (Manchester, 1993), 88; Baker, comp., Northamptonshire Glossary, III, 225; H. J. Deverson, ed., Journey into Night (New York, 1966), 138; OBP, 30.-31. máj 1745.
33. Universal Magazine of Knowledge and Pleasure 12 (jan. 1753), 3; OED, s.v. „Milky Way“, „Walsingham“, „Watling-street“; Eveline Camilla Gurdon, Suffolk(Londýn, 1893), 166; „Impressions of a Night Sky Unaffected by Light Pollution“, International Dark-Sky Association, Information Sheet #111, Web: www.darksky.org.
34. Torrey, ed., Thoreau Writings, II, 383.
35. 24. jún 1801, Drinker, denník, II, 1422; M. McGrath, ed., Cinnine Amhiaoibh Ui Shuileabháin: The Diary of Humphrey O’Sullivan (Londýn, 1936–1937), I–IV, na rôznych miestach; Peter Barber, „Journal of a Traveller in Scotland, 1795–1796“, Scottish Historical Review 36 (1957), 43.
36. Mansie Wauch, The Life of Mansie Wauch, Tailor in Dalkeith (Edinburgh, 1827), 85; ECR, VIII, 387; William H. Cope, ed., A Glossary of Hampshire Words and Phrases (1883; rpt. edn., Vaduz, Liecht., 1965), 23; Walter W. Skeat, ed., A Collection of English Words . . . (Londýn, 1874), 57, 87, 93; Baker, comp., Northamptonshire Words and Phrases, II, 119; Frederic Thomas Elsworthy, comp., The West Somerset Word-Book … (1886; rpt. edn., Vaduz, Liecht., 1965), 575; 18. jan. 1666, Pepys, denník, VII, 18; Giuseppe Marco Antonio Baretti, A Dictionary, Spanish and English … (Londýn, 1794); OBP, 24. apr. – 1. máj 1754, 183.
37. 23. jan. 1786, Woodforde, denník, II, 226; William Hazlitt, Notes of a Journey through France and Italy (Londýn, 1826), 179.
38. Denník Roberta Moodyho, 1660–1663, Bodl., Rawlinson Coll. D.84; Crawford, ed., Lauder Journals, 177; George P. Rawick, ed., The American Slave: A Composite Autobiography (Wesport, Ct., 1972) XIII, 109. Tiež pozri 9. okt. 1662, Pepys, denník, III, 217; 1. okt. 1794, Woodforde, denník, IV, 138; Barber, „Traveller“, 49.
39. William Cobbett, Rural Rides in Surrey, Kent, and Other Counties (Londýn, 1948), II, 139; Winslow C. Watson, ed., Men and Times of the Revolution; or, Memoirs of Elkanah Watson, Including Journals of Travels (New York, 1856), 59. Tiež pozri Thomas Hardy, The Woodlanders (1887; rpt. edn., Londýn, 1991), 12.
40. George Edward Dartnell a Edward Hungerford Goddard, comps., A Glossary of Words Used in the County of Wiltshire (Londýn, 1893), 192; Autobiography of the Rev. Dr. Alexander Carlyle, Minister of Inveresk … (Edinburgh, 1860), 125–126; Barber, „Traveller“, 48.
41. Burton E. Stevenson, ed., The Home Book of Proverbs, Maxims and Familiar Phrases (New York, 1948), 168; Walter W. Skeat, ed., Five Reprinted Glossaries . . . (Londýn, 1879), 95; Bernard J. Hibbitts, „Making Sense of Metaphors: Visuality, Aurality and the Reconfiguration of American Legal Discourse“, Cardozo Law Review 16 (1994), 229–356; Donald M. Lowe, History of Bourgeois Perception (Brighton, Angl., 1982), 6–8.
42. Shakespeare, A Midsummer Night’s Dream, III, 2; Bruce R. Smith, The Acoustic World of Early Modern England: Attending to the O-Factor (Chicago, 1999), 58–59.
43. John M. Hull, Touching the Rock: An Experience of Blindness (New York, 1990), 166, 83; Julian Jaynes, The Origin of Consciousness in the Breakdown of the Bicameral Mind (Boston, 1977), 96–97.
44. Barber, „Traveller“, 39; Denník rev. Williama Benneta, 1785, Bodl., Eng. Misc. f. 54, fo. 74; E. P. Thompson, Customs in Common (New York, 1991), 362; Joshua Lucock Wilkinson, The Wanderer . . . through France, Germany and Italy in 1791 and 1793 (Londýn, 1798), I, 58; Jasper Danckaerts, Journal of a Voyage to New York and a Tour in Several of the American Colonies in 1679–80, ed. a prekl. Henry C. Murphy (New York, 1867), 125.
45. 20. sept. 1791, Walter Johnson, ed., Gilbert White’s Journals (1931; rpt. edn., New York, 1970), 394; Milne and Milne, World of Night, 13–14, 94; Claire Murphy a William Cain, „Odor Identification: The Blind are Better“, Physiology & Behavior 37 (1986), 177–180. Spomienky na prenikavé vône v nás zostávajú ešte dlho po tom, ako sme zabudli na väčšinu vizuálnych javov. J. Douglas Porteous, Landscapes of the Mind: Worlds of Sense and Metaphor (Toronto, 1990), 34–36.
46. W. Carew Hazlitt, ed., English Proverbs and Proverbial Phrases . . . (Londýn, 1882), 94; Edward Ward, The London Spy (1709; rpt. edn., New York, 1985), 40; Barber, „Traveller“, 39; M. Betham-Edwards, ed., The Autobiography of Arthur Young (1898; rpt. edn., New York, 1967), 194. Tiež pozri 15. sept. 1779, Andrew Oliver, ed., The Journal of Samuel Curwen, Loyalist (Cambridge, Mass., 1972), 560.
47. OED, s.v. „blind road“; 16. sept. 1795, „Dr. Pierce’s Manuscript Journal“, Massachusetts Historical Society Proceedings, 2. séria, 3 (1886–1887), 52; Laurel Thatcher Ulrich, A Midwife’s Tale: The Life of Martha Ballard, Based on Her Diary, 1785–1812 (New York, 1990), 202; Hull, Touching the Rock, 103.
48. Faber, ed., Gay Works, 83.
49. Descartes, Selected Philosophical Writings, prekl. John Cottingham et al. (Cambridge, 1988), 58; Harry Porter, The Pleasant History of the Two Angry Women of Abington (n.p., 1599); 2. okt. 1724, Parkman, denník, 6.
50. Cecil Aspinall-Oglander, ed., Admiral’s Wife: Being the Life and Letters of the Hon. Mrs. Edward Boscawen from 1719 to 1761 (Londýn, 1940), 235; Monique Savoy, Lumiéres sur la Ville: Introduction et Promotion de l’Electricité en Suisse: L’Éclairage Lausannois, 1881–1921 (Lausanne, 1988), 50.
51. L’Estrange, Fables of Aesop and Other Eminent Mythologists: With Morals and Reflections (Londýn, 1699), I, 103.
52. Torrey, ed., Thoreau Writings, III, 340.
53. Farley’s Bristol Journal, 18. Feb. 1769; Ward, London Spy, III, 48–49; Aileen Riberio, Dress in Eighteenth-Century Europe, 1715–1789 (New Haven, 2002), 85.
54. OBP, 9.-11. júl 1740, 174; Joseph Lawson, Letters to the Young on Progress in Pudsey during the Last Sixty Years (Stanningley, Eng., 1887), 33; Torriano, Proverbi, 170.
55. Hadrianus Junius, The Nomenclator . . . (Londýn, 1585), 160–161; OED, s.v. „great-coat“; John Owen, Travels into Different Parts of Europe, in the Years 1791 and 1792 … (Londýn, 1796), II, 81; Tobias Smollett, The Life and Adventures of Sir Launcelot Greaves (Londýn, 1762), 239; Daniel Defoe, The Life of … Robinson Crusoe (Londýn, 1729), 180; Henry Swinburne, Travels in the Two Sicilies … (Londýn, 1783), II, 308; Jonas Hanway, An Historical Account of the British Trade over the Caspian Sea … (Londýn, 1753), II, 336; Riberio, Dress, 22–24, 30–31, 87.
56. W. Hooper, ed., Letters of Baron Bielfeld … (Londýn, 1768), IV, 166; OED, s.v. „night-kerchief“, „mob“; Tilley, Proverbs in England, 296; John Owen, Travels into Different Parts of Europe, in the Years 1791 and 1792 … (Londýn, 1796), II, 81; 24. a 25. apr. 1665, Pepys, denník, VI, 89; F. Pomey and A. Lovell, Indiculus Universalis; or, the Universe in Epitome … (Londýn, 1679), 68; Riberio, Dress, 49.
57. Thomas Burke, English Night-Life: From Norman Curfew to Present Black-Out (New York, 1971), 54; Andrew Henderson, ed., Scottish Proverbs (Edinburgh, 1832), 69; OBP, Oct. 4, 1719, 6; Cohens, Taliansko, 49.
58. Torrington, Denníky, III, 290.
59. 28. nov. 1785, Woodforde, denník, II, 216; James Peller Malcolm, Anecdotes of the Manners and Customs of London during the Eighteenth Century … (Londýn, 1810), I, 145. Tiež pozri 30. júl 1755, Parkman, denník, 293.
60. LC, 18. aug. 1785.
61. Varro, On the Latin Language, prekl. Roland G. Kent (Cambridge, Mass., 1957), I, 177–179; Censorinus, De Die Natale, prekl. William Maude (New York, 1900), 40; Henry Hibbert, Syntagma Theologicum … (Londýn, 1662), 30.
62. Augustin Gallo, Secrets de la Vraye Agriculture … (Paríž, 1572), 213; Leonard Lawrence, A Small Treatise betwixt Arnalte and Lucenda (Londýn, 1639), 7; Nina Gockerell, „Telling Time without a Clock“, in Klaus Maurice and Otto Mayr, eds., The Clockwork Universe: German Clocks and Automata, 1550–1650 (New York, 1980), 137. Základom chronológie je čítanie mnohých primárnych zdrojov.
63. Ralph Knevet, Rhodon and Iris … (Londýn, 1631); OED, s.v. „hen and chickens“, „seven stars“; Weinsberg, denník, I, 59; Gockerell, „Telling Time“, 137.
64. Barber, „Traveller“, 42; Crusius, Nocte, ch. 3.12; Shakespeare, Hamlet, I, 2, 198; The Rape of Lucrece, 113–119.
65. OBP, Oct. 12, 1737, 205; M. D’Archenholz, A Picture of England … (Londýn, 1789), II, 79; Ménétra, Journal, 195–196.
66. SWP, I, 99; Shakespeare, Hamlet, I, 1, 143; Bourne, Antiquitates Vulgares, 38; Alan Gailey, „The Bonfire in North Irish Tradition“, Folklore 88 (1977), 18; Crusius, Nocte, ch. 3.36.
67. William Howitt, The Boy’s Country Book (Londýn, bez datovania), 196; Bourne, Antiquitates Vulgares, 87, 84, na rôznych miestach; Francis Grose, A Provincial Glossary (1787; rpt. ed., Menston, Angl., 1968), 3, 2. Tiež pozri James Dawson Burn, The Autobiography of a Beggar Boy, ed. David Vincent (Londýn, 1978), 67; Bartholomäus Sastrow et al., Social Germany in Luther’s Time: Being the Memoirs of Bartholomew Sastrow, prekl. H.A.L. Fisher (Westminster, Angl., 1902), 291.
68. Lynn Doyle, An Ulster Childhood (Londýn, 1926), 61; Charles Jackson, ed., The Diary of Abraham De la Pryme, the Yorkshire Antiquary (Durham, Angl., 1870), 39. See also Life and Struggles of William Lovett . . . (Londýn, 1876), 11.
69. OBP, 16.-20. jan. 1752, 48; Matthiessen, Natten, 63; 27. okt. 1771, Basil Cozens-Hardy, ed., The Diary of Sylas Neville, 1767–1788 (Londýn, 1950), 132; Richard Cobb, Paris and Its Provinces, 1792–1802 (New York, 1975), 45; Paul Zumthor, Daily Life in Rembrandt’s Holland (New York, 1963), 249; James Lackington, Memoirs of the First Forty-Five Years … (Londýn, 1792), 34.
70. 23. jún 1745, Lewis, denník, 184; „Journal of P. Oliver, 1776–1810“, Egerton Mss. 2672, I, fo. 68, BL; Diary of John Leake, 1713, Rawlinson Mss., D. 428, fo. 37, Bodl.; F. Platter, Journal, 36.
71. Taillepied, Ghosts, 78; Moryson, Itinerary, IV, 294; Early Prose and Poetical Works of John Taylor the Water Poet (1580–1653) (Londýn, 1888), 156; Letters from Minorca . . . (Dublin, 1782), 213; Matthiessen, Natten, 24.
72. Clare Williams, ed., Thomas Platter’s Travels in England, 1599 (Londýn, 1937), 150; 19. sept. 1662, Pepys, denník, III, 201; Paolo Da Certaldo, Libro di Buoni Costumi, ed. Alfredo Schiaffini (Florencia, 1945), 14; OBP,17.-19. okt. 1749, 163; Mrs. Grant, Essays on the Superstitions of the Highlanders of Scotland … (New York, [1831?]), I, 121; Jackson, ed., De la Pryme Diary, 71; Schindler, Rebellion, 215.
73. Yves-Marie Bercé, History of Peasant Revolts: The Social Origins of Rebellion in Early Modern France, prekl. Amanda Whitmore (Ithaca, N.Y., 1990), 278; Diary of James Scudamore, asi 1710, Hereford City Library, Angl.; 13. a 14. feb. 1667, Pepys, denník, VIII, 60, 62; Lawrence F. Stone, The Family, Sex and Marriage in England, 1500–1800 (New York, 1977), 94.
74. 18. nov. 1762, Frederick A. Pottle, ed., Boswell’s London Journal, 1762–1763 (New York, 1950), 43. Tiež pozri 17. dec. 1769, Woodforde, denník, I, 95.
75. Brian Hill, Observations and Remarks in a Journey through Sicily and Calabria (Londýn, 1792), 49; Journal of Twisden Bradbourn, 1693–1967, 1698, 103, Miscellaneous English Manuscripts c. 206, Bodl. „The aspersion of Holy Water“, wrote Noël Taillepied, is „A sure protection against the malice and attacks of evil spirits“ (Ghosts, 174).
76. Grose, Provincial Glossary, 70; R. D. Oliver Heslop, comp., Northumberland Words … (Londýn, 1894), I, 204; Brand 1848, III, 15; Muchembled, Popular Culture, prekl. Cochrane, 84–85; Enid Porter, Cambridgeshire Customs and Folklore (New York, 1969), 62; Paul-Yves Sébillot, Le Folklore de la Bretagne … (Paríž, 1968), II, 132; Jean Delumeau, La Peur en Occident, XIVe-XVIIIe Siècles: Une Cité Assiégée (Paríž, 1978), 92; William Dillon Piersen, Black Yankees: The Development of an Afro-American Subculture in Eighteenth-Century New England (Amherst, Mass., 1988), 85.
77. Faber, ed., Gay Works, 81; Rousseau, Emile, prekl. Bloom, 148; John Burnap, 10. júl 1766, Assi 45/28/2/97c. Tiež pozri Thomas Hardy, The Trumpet-Major … (1912; rpt. edn., New York, 1984), 274.
78. Remarks 1717, 175; Watson, ed., Men and Times, 115; Bernard Mandeville, An Enquiry into the Causes of the Frequent Executions at Tyburn, ed. Malvin R. Zirker, Jr. (Los Angeles, 1964), 10; Muchembled, Violence, 65, 120–121.
79. Schindler, Rebellion, 223; Muchembled, Violence, 120–123, 259; William Mowfitt, 14. aug. 1647, Assi 45/2/1/229; T. Platter, Journal, 197; Pinkerton, Travels, I, 224; Milly Harrison a O.M. Royston, comps., How They Lived … (Oxford, 1965), II, 253; OBP, 2.-5. máj 1739, 73; Rousseau, Emile, prekl. Bloom, 138.
80. Anna Brzozowska-Krajka, Polish Traditional Folklore: The Magic of Time (Boulder, Colo., 1998), 63; Sébillot, Folklore de la Bretagne, II, 162; Autobiography of the Blessed Mother Anne of Saint Bartholomew (St. Louis, 1916), 15; Casey, ed., Jean Paul, prekl. Casey, 339; F. Platter, Journal, 104.
81. Abel Boyer, Dictionaire Royal … (Amsterdam, 1719); Paul Monroe, Thomas Platter and the Educational Renaissance of the Sixteenth Century (New York, 1904), 161, 107; Dietz, Surgeon, 110–111. Tiež pozri Stephen Bradwell, A Watch-Man for the Pest … (Londýn, 1625), 39.
82. Llewellynn Jewitt, ed., The Life of William Hutton … (Londýn, 1872), 159; Bräker, Life, 58; David Pulsifer, ed., Records of the Colony of New Plymouth in New England (Boston, 1861), XI, 106; 13. dec. 1765, Frank Brady a Frederick A. Pottle, eds., Boswell on the Grand Tour: Italy, Corsica, and France, 1765–1766 (New York, 1955), 232.
83. 7. feb. 1704, Cowper, denník.
84. 29. jan. 1735, Clegg, denník, I, 217; 14. jún 1757, Turner, denník, 100.
85. SWP, II, 560–561; 28. okt. 1833, McGrath, ed., Denník O’Sullivana, III, 247.
TRETIA ČASŤ
ÚVOD
1. L. E. Kastner, ed., The Poetical Works of William Drummond of Hawthornden . . . (New York, 1968), I, 46.
2. Flaherty, Privacy, 94; David Levine and Keith Wrightson, The Making of an Industrial Society: Whickham, 1560–1765 (Oxford, 1991), 280.
3. Penry Williams, The Later Tudors: England, 1547–1603 (Oxford, 1995), 515; G. R. Quaife, Wanton Wenches and Wayward Wives: Peasants and Illicit Sex in Early Seventeenth Century England (Londýn, 1979), 180–181.
4. Gottfried Von Bulow, ed., „Diary of the Journey of Philip Julius, Duke of Stettin-Pomerania, through England in the Year 1602“, Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, New Ser., 6 (1892), 65.
5. 16. okt. 1773, Frederick A. Pottle and Charles H. Bennett, eds. Boswell’s Journal of a Tour to the Hebrides with Samuel Johnson, LL.D., 1773 (New York, 1961), 312; A View of London and Westminster … (Londýn, 1725), 5–6.
6. 27. mar. 1782, Sanger, denník, 409; Yves Castan, „Politics and Private Life“, in HPL III, 49; Lorna Weatherill, Consumer Behavior and Material Culture in Britain, 1660–1760 (Londýn, 1988), 76–77, 80, 88, 168.
7. „B“, Westminster Magazine 8 (1780), 16. Tiež pozri Georg Christoph Lichtenberg, Aphorisms, ed. R. J. Hollingdale (Londýn, 1990), 44–45; Lena Cowen Orlin, ed., Elizabethan Households: An Anthology (Washington, D.C., 1995), 119–120; SAS, II, 311.
8. Norman Egbert McClure, ed., The Letters of John Chamberlain (Philadelphia, 1939), I, 283; 17. máj 1709, PL 27/2; OBP, 28. apr. – 3. máj 1742, 77; SAS, II, 311; Levine and Wrightson, Making of an Industrial Society, 281; Roger Thompson, “‘Holy Watchfulness’ and Communal Conformism: The Functions of Defamation in Early New England Communities“, New England Quarterly 56 (1983), 513.
9. John Aubrey, Miscellanies upon Various Subjects (Londýn, 1857), 215; British Magazine, 2 (1747), 441; Alexandre Wolowski, La Vie Quotidienne en Pologne au XVIIe Siècle (Paríž, 1972), 184; Breton, Works, II, 11.
10. Kathleen Elizabeth Stuart, „The Boundaries of Honor: ‘Dishonorable People’ in Augsburg, 1500–1800“ (Ph.D. diss., Yale Univ., 1993), 26, 38–40; Jütte, Poverty, 164; Ruth Mellinkoff, Outcasts: Signs of Otherness in Northern European Art of the Late Middle Ages (Berkeley, Calif., 1993), 43–47, 184–190; Raffaella Sarti, Europe at Home: Family and Material Culture, 1500–1800, prekl. Allan Cameron (New Haven, 2002), 207–211.
11. Weekly Rehearsal (Boston), 24. apr. 1732; Schindler, Rebellion, 288–289; Mellinkoff, Outcasts, 188–193.
12. OED, s.v. „privacy“, „private“ (tiež „privy“ a „privity“); The Bastard (Londýn, 1652), 71; Herbert’s Devotions … (Londýn, 1657), 217; Flaherty, Privacy, 1–13; Ronald Huebert, „Privacy: The Early Social History of a Word“, Sewanee Review, 105 (1997), 21–38.
13. Frederick J. Furnivall, ed., Philip Stubbes’s Anatomy of the Abuses in England in Shakespeare’s Youth, a.d. 1583 (Londýn, 1877), I, 329; Natalie Zemon Davis, Society and Culture in Early Modern France (Stanford, Calif., 1975), 97–123; Maria José del Rio, „Carnival, the World Upside Down“, in Robert Muchembled et al., Popular Culture (Danbury, Ct., 1994), 83–84.
14. Harrison, Description, 36; David Cressy, Bonfires and Bells: National Memory and the Protestant Calendar in Elizabethan and Stuart England (Londýn, 1989), na rôznych miestach; Griffiths, Youth, 156–158; Burke, Popular Culture, 194–196.
15. Richard Lassels, An Italian Voyage . . . (Londýn, 1698), II, 118; Iain Cameron, Crime and Repression in the Auvergne and the Guyenne, 1720–1790 (Cambridge, 1981), 197–198; David Chambers and Trevor Dean, Clean Hands and Rough Justice: An Investigating Magistrate in Renaissance Italy (Ann Arbor, Mich., 1997), 20. Tiež pozri Donald E. Crawford, ed., Journals of Sir John Lauder (Edinburgh, 1900), 118; Schindler, Rebellion, 200–201.
16. The Works of Mr. Thomas Brown in Prose and Verse . . . (Londýn, 1708), III, 114; The Poems of the Late Christopher Smart … (Londýn, 1790), II, 9; Charles Gildon, The Post-Boy Rob’d of His Mail … (Londýn, 1692), 147; Mr. Dibdin, The Lamplighter ([Londýn, 1790?]); Kenneth J. Gergen et al., „Deviance in the Dark“, Psychology Today 7 (1973), 129–130.
17. Alastair Fowler, ed., The New Oxford Book of Seventeenth Century Verse (Oxford, 1991), 416; Bernard Bailyn, „The Boundaries of History: The Old World and the New“, in The Dedication of the Casperen Building … (Providence, 1992), 36; The London Jilt: or, the Politick Whore … (Londýn, 1683), Pt. II, 156; Aphra Behn, Five Plays … , ed. Maureen Duffy (Londýn, 1990), 35; Dionysius, „Contemplations by Moonlight“, European Magazine 34 (1798), 307.
18. Rétif de la Bretonne, Les Nuits de Paris, ou le Spectateur-Nocturne, eds. Jean Varloot and Michel Delon (Paríž, 1986), 38; Edward Young, Night Thoughts, ed. Stephen Cornfield (Cambridge, 1989), 122; Bernard Le Bovier de Fontenelle, Conversations on the Plurality of Worlds, prekl. H. A. Hargreaves (Berkeley, Calif., 1990), 10; J. W. Goethe, Italian Journey, 1786–1788 (New York, 1968), 182; Lewis, denník, 161.
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23. 20. nov. 1660, Pepys, denník, I, 297; Mary Stower, Dec. 15, 1727, Assi 45/18/15/84; OBP, 28. apr. – 4. máj 1756, 179; Davidson, Woman’s Work, 136–152.
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31. 4. nov. 1777, Sanger, Journal, 165, na rôznych miestach; SAS, XVII, 597; 1. júl 1767, Cole, denník, 236; 7. máj 1665, James M. Rosenheim, ed., The Notebook of Robert Doughty, 1662–1665 (Aberystwyth, Wales, 1989), 54.
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5. Ben Sedgley, Observations on Mr. Fielding’s Enquiry into the Causes of the Late Increase of Robbers … (Londýn, 1751), 8; „A Short Account, by Way of Journal, of What I Observed Most Remarkable in My Travels … “, 2. jún 1697, Historical Manuscripts Commission., 8th Report, diel 1 (1881), 99–100; Marcelin Defourneaux, Daily Life in Spain: The Golden Age, prekl. Newton Branch (New York, 1971), 70–71; Koslofsky, „Court Culture“, 745–748; Thomas Burke, English Night-Life: From Norman Curfew to Present Black-Out (New York, 1971), 11–22.
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7. US and WJ, 28. feb. 1730; Vanessa Harding, The Dead and the Living in Paris and London, 1500–1670 (Cambridge, 2002), 197, na rôznych miestach; Craig M. Koslofsky, The Reformation of the Dead: Death and Ritual in Early Modern Germany, 1450–1700 (New York, 2000), 138, 133–152, na rôznych miestach; Clare Gittings, Death, Burial and the Individual in Early Modern England (Londýn, 1984), 188–200.
8. Richards, The Tragedy of Messallina (Londýn, 1640).
9. Walter R. Davis, ed., The Works of Thomas Campion … (New York, 1967), 147; Terry Castle, „The Culture of Travesty: Sexuality and Masquerade in Eighteenth-Century England“, in G. S. Rousseau and Roy Porter, eds., Sexual Underworlds of the Englightenment (Manchester, 1987), 158; Terry Castle, Masquerade and Civilization: The Carnivalesque in Eighteenth-Century English Culture and Fiction (Stanford, Calif., 1986).
10. The Rich Cabinet … (Londýn, 1616), fo. 20; Sara Mendelson, „The Civility of Women in Seventeenth-Century England“, in Peter Burke et al., eds., Civil Histories: Essays Presented to Sir Keith Thomas (Oxford, 2000), 114; Stephen J. Greenblatt, Renaissance Self-Fashioning: From More to Shakespeare (Chicago, 1980).
11. Castle, Masquerade, 25, 1–109, na rôznych miestach; Castle, „Culture of Travesty“, 166–167; HMM and GA, 28. jan. 1755.
12. Castle, Masquerade, 73, 1–109, na rôznych miestach; „W.Z.“, GM 41 (1771), 404; WJ, 16. máj 1724; Occasional Poems, Very Seasonable and Proper for the Present Times … (Londýn, 1726), 5; Amanda Vickery, The Gentleman’s Daughter: Women’s Lives in Georgian England (New Haven, 1998), 243.
13. Castle, Masquerade, 73, 1–109, na rôznych miestach; Nancy Lyman Roelker, ed. a prekl., The Paris of Henry of Navarre, as Seen by Pierre de l’Estoile: Selections from His Mémoires-Journaux (Cambridge, Mass., 1958), 58; Bulstrode Whitelock, The Third Charge … (Londýn, 1723), 21.
14. Henry Alexander, prekl., Four Plays by Holberg (Princeton, N.J., 1946), 171.
15. Goffe, The Raging Turk (Londýn, 1631).
16. Alexander Hamilton, Gentleman’s Progress: The Itinerarium of Dr. Alexander Hamilton, 1744, ed. Carl Bridenbaugh (Chapel Hill, N.C., 1948), 177; PG, 23. dec. 1762.
17. Douglas Grant, ed., The Poetical Works of Charles Churchill (Oxford, 1956), 52, 55; John S. Farmer, ed., Merry Songs and Ballads prior to the Year a.d. 1800 (New York, 1964), III, 67; Anna Bryson, From Courtesy to Civility: Changing Codes of Conduct in Early Modern England (Oxford, 1998), 245, 246–275, na rôznych miestach.
18. 31. máj 1706, Cowper, denník; The Works of Mr. Thomas Brown in Prose and Verse … (Londýn, 1708), III, 3; S. Johnson, London: A Poem … (Londýn, 1739), 17; US and WJ, Apr. 11, 1730; Bryson, Courtesy to Civility, 248–249; Vickery, Daughter, 213–214; G.J. Barker-Benfield, The Culture of Sensibility: Sex and Society in Eighteenth-Century Britain (Chicago, 1992), 50–51.
19. Elborg Forster, ed. a prekl., A Woman’s Life in the Court of the Sun King: Letters of Liselotte von der Pfalz, 1652–1722 (Baltimore, 1984), 219; M. Dreux du Radier, Essai Historique, Critique, Philologuique, Politique, Moral, Litteraire et Galant, sur les Lanternes … (Paríž, 1755), 92–96; Jeffry Kaplow, The Names of Kings: The Parisian Laboring Poor in the Eighteenth Century (New York, 1972), 106.
20. 10. okt. 1764, Frederick A. Pottle, ed., Boswell on the Grand Tour: Germany and Switzerland, 1764 (New York, 1953), 135; June 4, 1763, Frederick A. Pottle, ed., Boswell’s London Journal, 1762–1763 (New York, 1950), 272–273, 264 n.1, na rôznych miestach; Craig Harline and Eddy Put, A Bishop’s Tale: Matthias Hovius Among His Flock in Seventeenth-Century Flanders (New Haven, 2000), 253–254; John Owen, Travels into Different Parts of Europe, in the Years 1791 and 1792 … (Londýn, 1796), II, 85.
21. Sara Mendelson a Patricia Crawford, Women in Early Modern England, 1550–1720 (Oxford, 1998), 109; Jerome Nadelhaft, „The Englishwoman’s Sexual Civil War: Feminist Attitudes towards Men, Women, and Marriage, 1650–1740“, Journal of the History of Ideas 43 (1982), 573, 576; Linda Pollock, “‘Teach Her to Live under Obedience’: The Making of Women in the Upper Ranks of Early Modern England“, Continuity and Change 4 (1989), 231–258.
22. Westward for Smelts. Or, the Water-man’s Fare of Mad-Merry Western Wenches … (Londýn, 1620), 24; Giovannia Boccaccio, The Corbaccio, ed. a prekl. Anthony K. Cassell (Urbana, Ill., 1975), 28; George Chapman, An Humerous Dayes Myrth (Londýn, 1599), 9; 14. feb. 1668, Pepys, denník, IX, 71; apríl 1683, Wood, Life, 42; Jeffrey Merrick and Bryant T. Ragan, Jr., eds., Homosexuality in Early Modern France: A Documentary Collection (New York, 2001), 38; Piero Camporesi, Exotic Brew: The Art of Living in the Age of Enlightenment (Malden, Mass., 1994), 12.
23. Thomas D’Urfey, Squire Oldsapp: or, the Night-Adventures (Londýn, 1679), 29; 27. dec. 1775, Charles Ryskamp a Frederick A. Pottle, eds., Boswell: The Ominous Years, 1774–1776 (New York, 1963), 206, na rôznych miestach; Cecil Aspinall-Oglander, Admiral’s Widow: Being the Life and Letters of the Hon. Mrs. Edward Boscawen from 1761 to 1805 (Londýn, 1942), 88–89; 13. júl 1716, William Matthews, ed., The Diary of Dudley Ryder, 1715–1716 (Londýn, 1939), 274, na rôznych miestach; 5. jún 1763, Pottle, ed., Boswell’s London Journal, 273.
24. „A City Night-piece in Winter“, Walker’s Hibernian Magazine 9 (1779), 272; OBP, 28. apr. 1731, 16–17; „The Watchman’s Description of Covent Garden at Two o’Clock in the Morning“, Weekly Amusement (Londýn), 5. máj 1764.
25. „X.Y.“, LM, 26. jan. 1773; Graham Greene, Lord Rochester’s Monkey, Being the Life of John Wilmot, Second Earl of Rochester (Londýn, 1974), 106; 23. a 26. okt. 1668, 3. feb. 1664, Pepys, denník, IX, 335–336, 338–339, V, 37; „The Connoisseur“, HMM and GA, 18. mar. 1755; Bryson, Courtesy to Civility, 250, 254–255; James Grantham Turner, Libertines and Radicals in Early Modern London: Sexuality, Politics, and Literary Culture, 1630–1685 (Cambridge, 2002), 226–227.
26. Harold Love, ed., The Works of John Wilmot, Earl of Rochester (Oxford, 1999), 45; Guy Chapman, ed., The Travel-Diaries of William Beckford of Fonthill(Cambridge, 1928), II, 55; Robert Shoemaker, „Male Honour and the Decline of Public Violence in Eighteenth-Century London“, SH 26 (2001), 200; Bryson, Courtesy to Civility, 249; Barker-Benfield, Sensibility, 47; 3. máj 1709, Cowper, denník; Julius R. Ruff, Crime, Justice and Public Order in Old Regime France: The Sénéchaussées of Libourne and Bazas, 1696–1789 (Londýn, 1984), 91.
27. Thornton Shirley Graves, „Some Pre-Mohock Clansmen“, Studies in Philology 20 (1923), 395–421; Grose, Dictionary; Moryson, Unpublished Itinerary, 463; Helen Langdon, Caravaggio: A Life (New York, 1999), 133, 312–314.
28. Graves, „Pre-Mohock Clansmen“, 399, 395–421, na rôznych miestach; Bryson, Courtesy to Civility, 249; 30. máj 1668, Pepys, denník, IX, 218–219; The Town-Rakes: or, the Frolicks of the Mohocks or Hawkubites (Londýn, 1712); Swift, Journal, II, 524–525, 508–515, na rôznych miestach; 20. mar. 1712, Cowper, denník; Daniel Statt, „The Case of the Mohocks: Rake Violence in Augustan London“, SH 20 (1995), 179–199.
29. Shakespeare, 1 Henry IV, I, 2, 137–139, 159; Verdon, Night, 46; US and WJ, 11. apr. 1730; A Pleasant and Delightful Story of King Henry the VIII, and a Cobler(n.p., [1670?]); Theophilius Cibber, The Lives of the Poets of Great Britain and Ireland (1753; rpt. edn., Hildesheim, Ger., 1968), II, 289; Roelker, ed. a prekl., Paris of Henry of Navarre, 52, 47, 77; Edouard Fournier, Les Lanternes: Histoire de l’Ancien Éclairage de Paris (Paríž, 1854), 15; Matthiessen, Natten, 134, 132; Benjamin Silliman, A Journal of Travels in England, Holland, and Scotland … (New Haven, 1820), I, 179; Frederic J. Baumgartner, France in the Sixteenth Century (New York, 1995), 222.
DEVIATA KAPITOLA
1. Shakespeare, King John, I, 1, 172.
2. Thomas Dekker, The Seven Deadly Sinnes of London, ed. H.F.B. Brett-Smith (1606; rpt. edn., New York, 1922), 31; Eric Robinson et al., eds., The Early Poems of John Clare, 1804–1822 (Oxford, 1989), II, 197; Douglas Grant, ed., The Poetical Works of Charles Churchill (Oxford, 1956), 58; E. P. Thompson, „Eighteenth-Century English Society: Class Struggle without Class?“, SH 3 (1978), 158; Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi and Eugene Rochberg-Halton, The Meaning of Things: Domestic Symbols and the Self (Cambridge, 1981), 16–52, na rôznych miestach.
3. 23. máj 1693, 25. máj 1686, Wood, Life, V, 423, 187; E.S. De Beer, ed., Diary of Mary, Countess Cowper (Londýn, 1864), I, 19; Legg, Low-Life, 93.
4. Franco Mormando, The Preacher’s Demons: Bernardino of Sienna and the Social Underworld of Early Renaissance Italy (Chicago, 1999), 85; 27. nov. 1625, [Andrés De La Vega], Memorias de Sevilla, 1600–1678, ed. Francisco Morales Padrón (Córdoba, 1981), 50; Thomas V. Cohen, „The Case of the Mysterious Coil of Rope: Street Life and Jewish Persona in Rome in the Middle of the Sixteenth Century“, Sixteenth Century Journal 19 (1988), 209–221; Elliot Horowitz, „The Eve of the Circumcision: A Chapter in the History of Jewish Nightlife“, JSH 23 (1989), 48; Anna Foa, The Jews of Europe after the Black Death, prekl. Andrea Grover (Berkeley, Calif., 2000), 143.
5. M[aster] Elias Schad, „True Account of an Anabaptist Meeting at Night in a Forest and a Debate Held There with Them“, Mennonite Quarterly Review 58 (1984), 292–295; E. Veryard, An Account of Divers Choice Remarks . . . Taken in a Journey … (Londýn, 1701), 75; Famiano Strada, De Bello Belgio: The History of the Low-Countrey Warres, prekl. Sir Robert Stapylton (Londýn, [1650?]), 61–62; Henry Hibbert, Syntagma Theologicum … (Londýn, 1662), 252; Natalie Zemon Davis, Society and Culture in Early Modern France (Stanford, Calif., 1975), 214.
6. 20. jan. 1640, Joseph Alfred Bradney, ed., The Diary of Walter Powell of Llantilo Crosseny in the County of Monmouth, Gentleman: 1603–1654 (Bristol, 1907), 25; Henry Fishwick, ed., The Note Book of the Rev. Thomas Jolly a.d. 1671–1693 (Manchester, 1894), 54, na rôznych miestach; David Cressy, Agnes Bowker’s Cat: Travesties and Transgressions in Tudor and Stuart England (Oxford, 2001), 116–137; Heywood, Diaries, I, na rôznych miestach.
7. F. P. Wilson, The Plague in Shakespeare’s London (Oxford, 1957), 61; Giula Calvi, Histories of a Plague Year: The Social and the Imaginary in Baroque Florence, prekl. Dario Biocca a Bryant T. Ragan, Jr. (Berkeley, Calif., 1989), 90–91; Daniel Defoe, A Journal of the Plague Year … (1722; rpt. edn., Londýn, 1928), 233, na rôznych miestach; Walter George Bell, The Great Plague in London in 1665 (1924; rpt. edn., Londýn, 1979), 210.
8. Angeline Goreau, “‘Last Night’s Rambles’: Restoration Literature and the War Between the Sexes“, in Alan Bold, ed., The Sexual Dimension in Literature(Londýn, 1983), 51; OBP, 20. apr. 1726, 6; Michael Rocke, Forbidden Friendships: Homosexuality and Male Culture in Renaissance Florence (New York, 1996), 151–152, 154–155; Jeffrey Merrick and Bryant T. Ragan, Jr., eds., Homosexuality in Early Modern France: A Documentary Collection (New York, 2001), 59.
9. Katherine M. Rogers, ed., Selected Poems of Anne Finch, Countess of Winchilsea (New York, 1979), 157.
10. Paroimiographia (francúzsky), 28; Richard L. Kagan a Abigail Dyer, eds. a prekl., Inquisitorial Inquiries: Brief Lives of Secret Jews and Other Heretics(Baltimore, 2004), 97.
11. Joyce M. Ellis, The Georgian Town, 1680–1840 (New York, 2001), 74; Jütte, Poverty, 52–59, 146–149; Olwen H. Hufton, The Poor of Eighteenth-Century France, 1750–1789 (Oxford, 1974).
12. An Effectual Scheme for the Immediate Preventing of Street Robberies, and Suppressing All Other Disorders of the Night … (Londýn, 1731), 33; Schindler, „Youthful Culture“, 271; Solomon Stoddard, Three Sermons Lately Preach’d at Boston … (Boston, 1717), 104; Arthur Friedman, ed., Collected Works of Oliver Goldsmith (Oxford, 1966), 431.
13. Susan Brigden, „Youth and the English Reformation“, PP 95 (1982), 38, 44; Griffiths, Youth, 36, na rôznych miestach; Gary Cross, A Social History of Leisure Since 1600 (State College, Pa., 1990), 15.
14. Nicetas: or, Temptations to Sin … (Boston, 1705), 35; Schindler, „Youthful Culture“, 243, 278; 5. jún 1713, Diary of Cotton Mather (New York, [1957?]), I, 216; William Davenant, The Works … (Londýn, 1673).
15. David Garrioch, The Making of Revolutionary Paris (Berkeley, Calif., 2002), 36; Tim Meldrum, Domestic Service and Gender, 1660–1750: Life and Work in the London Household (Harlow, Eng., 2000), 34–67, 92–110; Bridget Hill, Servants: English Domestics in the Eighteenth Century (Oxford, 1996), 101, 105–106; Griffiths, Youth, 314–321; Anne Kussmaul, Servants in Husbandry in Early Modern England (Cambridge, 1981); Cissie Fairchilds, Domestic Enemies: Servants & Their Masters in Old Regime France (Baltimore, 1984); Richard S. Dunn, „Servants and Slaves: The Recruitment and Employment of Labor“, in Jack P. Greene and J. R. Pole, eds., Colonial British America: Essays in the New History of the Early Modern Era (Baltimore, 1984), 157–194; Philip D. Morgan, Slave Counterpoint: Black Culture in the Eighteenth-Century Chesapeake and Lowcountry (Chapel Hill, N.C., 1998).
16. Nathaniel B. Shurtleff, ed., Records of the Governor and Company of the Massachusetts Bay in New England (Boston, 1854), V, 62; 27. aug. 1705, Cowper, denník; SAS, XIV, 397.
17. Hillary Beckles, Black Rebellion in Barbados: The Struggle Against Slavery, 1627–1838 (Bridgetown, Barbados, 1987), 70; David A. Copeland, Colonial American Newspapers: Character and Content (Newark, Del., 1997), 134; Sarah McCulloh Lemmon, ed., The Pettigrew Papers (Raleigh, N.C., 1971), I, 398; Morgan, Slave Counterpoint, 524–526, na rôznych miestach.
18. Weinsberg, denník, IV, 11; PG, 2. aug. 1750; Peter H. Wood, Black Majority: Negroes in Colonial South Carolina from 1670 through the Stono Rebellion (New York, 1974), 257.
19. Tim Harris, „Perceptions of the Crowd in Later Stuart London“, in J. F. Merritt, ed., Imagining Early Modern London: Perceptions and Portrayals of the City from Stow to Strype, 1598–1720 (Cambridge, 2001), 251; George P. Rawick, ed., The American Slave: A Composite Autobiography (Westport, Ct., 1972), XV, 365; Samuel Phillips, Advice to a Child … (Boston, 1729), 49, na rôznych miestach.
20. 3. feb. 1772, Carter, denník, II, 648; James Lackington, Memoirs of the First Forty-Five Years … (Londýn, 1792), 35; Edward Ward, The Rambling Rakes, or, London Libertines (Londýn, 1700), 9; Meldrum, Domestic Service, 168–169.
21. Piero Camporesi, The Land of Hunger (Cambridge, Mass., 1996), 132; Louis Châtellier, The Religion of the Poor: Rural Missions in Europe and the Formation of Modern Catholicism, c.1500–c.1800, prekl. Brian Pearce (Cambridge, 1997), 171; Guy Chapman, ed., The Travel-Diaries of William Beckford of Fonthill(Cambridge, 1928), II, 54; „An Inhabitant of Bloomsbury“, PA, 8. aug. 1770; Bronislaw Geremek, Poverty: A History (Oxford, 1994), 215; Jeffry Kaplow, The Names of Kings: The Parisian Laboring Poor in the Eighteenth Century (New York, 1972), 108.
22. John Bruce, ed., Diary of John Manningham … (1868; rpt. edn., New York, 1968), 83; The Vocal Miscellany: A Collection of Above Four Hundred Celebrated Songs … (Londýn, 1734), 120.
23. Willie Lee Rose, ed., A Documentary History of Slavery in North America (New York, 1976), 19; J.F.D. Smyth, A Tour in the United States of America (Londýn, 1784), I, 46; Roger D. Abrahams, Singing the Master: The Emergence of African American Culture in the Plantation South (New York, 1982), 5; Mark M. Smith, „Time, Slavery and Plantation Capitalism in the Ante-Bellum American South“, PP 150 (1996), 160.
24. Lottin, Chavatte, 141; Pieter Spierenburg, „Knife Fighting and Popular Codes of Honor in Early Modern Amsterdam“, in Pieter Spierenburg, ed., Men and Violence: Gender, Honor, and Rituals in Modern Europe and America (Columbus, Ohio, 1998), 108; Ann Tlusty, „The Devil’s Altar: The Tavern and Society in Early Modern Augsburg (Germany)“ (Ph. D. diss., Univ. of Maryland, 1994), 184; OBP, 11. sep. 1735, 110; The Countryman’s Guide to London or, Villainy Detected … (Londýn, 1775), 78; Thomas Brennan, Public Drinking and Popular Culture in Eighteenth-Century Paris (Princeton, N.J., 1988), 282–283, na rôznych miestach; Merry E. Wiesner, Working Women in Renaissance Germany (New Brunswick, N.J., 1986), 133–134; Daniel Roche, The People of Paris: An Essay in Popular Culture in the 18th Century, prekl. Marie Evans (Leamington Spa, Angl., 1987), 255; 3. feb. 1772, Carter, denník, II, 649.
25. Hardy, The Life and Death of the Mayor of Casterbridge: A Story of a Man of Character (New York, 1984), 307.
26. Erskine Beveridge, comp., a J. D. Westwood, ed., Fergusson’s Scottish Proverbs … (Edinburgh, 1924), 39; Legg, Low-Life, 21; Bargellini, „Vita Notturna“, 83; F. Platter, Journal, 89–90; Fernando de Rojas, The Celestina: A Novel in Dialogue, prekl. Lesley Byrd Simpson (Berkeley, Calif., 1971), 81; Ernest A. Gray, ed., The Diary of a Surgeon in the Year 1751–1752 (New York, 1937), 74–75; WJ, 20. mar. 1725.
27. Laura Gowing, “‘The Freedom of the Streets’: Women and Social Space, 1560–1640“, v podaní Marka S. R. Jennera a Paula Griffithsa, Londinopolis: Essays in the Cultural and Social History of Early Modern London (Manchester, 2000), 143; Linda A. Pollock, „Parent-Child Relations“, in FLEMT, 215–217; Alan Williams, The Police of Paris, 1718–1789 (Baton Rouge, 1979), 196; Jane Brewerton, 29. feb. 1760, Assi 45/26/4/6.
28. 23. jan. 1574, I. H. Van Eeghen, ed., Dagboek Van Broeder Wouter Jacobsz (Gaultherus Jacobi Masius Prior Van Stein: Amsterdam, 1572–1578, En Montfoort, 1578–1579) (Gronningen, Neth., 1959), 359.
29. Thomas Dekker, The Seven Deadly Sinnes of London, ed. H.F.B. Brett-Smith (New York, 1922), 41; Nicolas-Edme Restif de la Bretonne, Les Nuits de Paris or the Nocturnal Spectator (New York, 1964), 68; Select Trials, II, 11; Legg, Low-Life, 100; Wilson, English Proverbs, 542; OED, s.v. „flitting“.
30. Dekker, Writings, 230; Richard Head, The Canting Academy; or Villanies Discovered … (Londýn, 1674), 37, 40; Roger B. Manning, Village Revolts: Social Protest and Popular Disturbances in England, 1509–1640 (Oxford, 1988), 173; Gilbert Slater, The English Peasantry and the Enclosure of Common Fields (1907; rpt. edn., New York, 1968), 119–120; Hugh Evans, The Gorse Glen, prekl. E. Morgan Humphreys (Liverpool, 1948), 70.
31. Carol F. Karlsen, The Devil in the Shape of a Woman: Witchcraft in Colonial New England (New York, 1987), 159; Alan Taylor, „The Early Republic’s Supernatural Economy: Treasure Seeking in the American Northeast, 1780–1830“, American Quarterly 38 (1986), 6–34 (za poskytnutie kópie článku ďakujem Alanovi Taylorovi); William W. Hagen, Ordinary Prussians: Brandenburg, Junkers and Villagers, 1500–1840 (Cambridge, 2002), 479; W. R. Jones, “‘Hill-Diggers’ and ‘Hell-Raisers’: Treasure Hunting and the Supernatural in Old and New England“, in Peter Benes, ed., Wonders of the Invisible World: 1600–1900(Boston, 1995), 97–106. Tiež pozri Benjamin Franklin, Writings, ed. J. A. Leo Lemay (New York, 1987), 113–115.
32. PA, 3. jan. 1786; Rose, ed., Slavery, 460; Malcolm Letts, „Johannes Butzbach, a Wandering Scholar of the Fifteenth Century“, English Historical Review 32 (1917), 31; Thomas, Relgion and the Decline of Magic, 506–523; H. C. Erik Midelfort, „Were There Really Witches“, in Robert M. Kingdon, ed., Transition and Revolution: Problems and Issues of European Renaissance and Reformation History (Minneapolis, 1974), 198–199; David Thomas Konig, Law and Society in Puritan Massachusetts: Essex County, 1629–1692 (Chapel Hill, N.C., 1979), 145–179, na rôznych miestach.
33. Karlsen, Shape of a Woman, 140; SWP, II, 413; NHTR, II, 130–131.
34. Pinkerton, Travels, III, 316; Carmina Medii Aevi (Torino, 1961), 35; Jütte, Poverty, 152–153. Tiež pozri Letters from Barbary, France, Spain, Portugal … (Londýn, 1788), II, 113.
35. 2. jún 1663, Pepys, denník, IV, 171; Beattie, Crime, 173–175. Tiež pozri Best, Books, 35.
36. Domestic Management, or the Art of Conducting a Family; with Instructions to Servants in General (Londýn, 1740), 59; Pinkerton, Travels, III, 316; 22. mar. 1770, Carter, denník, I, 372; John Greaves Nall, ed., Etymological and Comparative Glossary of the Dialect of East Anglia (Londýn, 1866), 521; William Hector, ed., Selections from the Judicial Records of Renfrewshire … (Paisley, Škót., 1876), 203–204.
37. Newton D. Mereness, ed., Travels in the American Colonies, 1690–1783 (New York, 1916), 592, 606–607; John C. Fitzpatrick, ed., The Writings of George Washington (Washington, D.C., 1939), XXXII, 264; Richard Parkinson, The Experienced Farmer’s Tour in America (Londýn, 1805), 446–447; James M. Rosenheim, ed., The Notebook of Robert Doughty, 1662–1665 (Norfolk, 1989), 39; Morgan, Slave Counterpoint, na rôznych miestach.
38. Manning, Village Revolts, 296, 284–305, na rôznych miestach; Rachel N. Klein, „Ordering the Backcountry: The South Carolina Regulation“, WMQ, 3. séria, 38 (1981), 671–672.
39. Robert Bell, Early Ballads … (Londýn, 1889), 436–437; David Davies, The Case of Labourers in Husbandry … (Dublin, 1796), 77; Spike Mays, Reuben’s Corner(Londýn, 1969), 197; Frank McLynn, Crime and Punishment in Eighteenth-Century England (Londýn, 1989), 172–197. Tiež pozri Walker’s Hibernian Magazine, apríl 1792, 296.
40. LEP, 5. okt. 1738; Arthur Walter Slater, ed., Autobiographical Memoir of Joseph Jewell, 1763–1846 (Londýn, 1964), 134; Cal Winslow, „Sussex Smugglers“, in Douglas Hay et al., eds., Albion’s Fatal Tree: Crime and Society in Eighteenth-Century England (New York, 1975), 119–166; Hufton, Poor of Eighteenth-Century France, 284–305.
41. Defoe, Tour, I, 123; OED, s.v. „owler“; McLynn, Crime and Punishment, 177; Burton E. Stevenson, The Home Book of Proverbs, Maxims and Familiar Phrases(New York, 1948), 1623; Eric Partridge, ed., A Dictionary of the Underworld … (New York, 1950),449; 13. dec. 1794, Woodforde, denník, IV, 160, na rôznych miestach; Slater, ed., Jewell Memoir, 135; „Extract of a Letter from Orford“, LC, 23. mar. 1782; John Kelso Hunter, The Retrospect of an Artist’s Life: Memorials of West Countrymen and Manners of the Past Half Century (Kilmarnock, Scot., 1912), 42.
42. T.J.A. Le Goff and D.M.G. Sutherland, „The Revolution and the Rural Community in Eighteenth-Century Brittany“, PP 62 (1974), 100; Jütte, Poverty, 153–156. Na rozdiel od pašovania, „rabovanie“, pri ktorom obyvatelia pobrežia drancovali stroskotané lode, nebolo výlučne nočným zločinom. Napriek niekoľkým obvineniam, že na pobreží sa v noci objavovali svetlá, ktoré mali prilákať lode na plytčinu, existuje málo dôkazov. Vraky boli rabované čo najskôr, bez ohľadu na hodinu. Pozri „An Act for Enforcing the Laws Against Persons Who Shall Steal or Detain Shipwrecked Goods … “, 26 George II c.19; W. H. Porter, A Fenman’s Story (Londýn, 1965), 129; John G. Rule, „Wrecking and Coastal Plunder“, in Hay et al., eds., Albion’s Fatal Tree, 180–181.
43. Tobias Smollett, Travels through France and Italy (Oxford, 1979), 215; Cannon, denník, 183; OBP, 18. sep. 1752, 244; Richard Jefferson, 16. okt. 1734, Assi 45/20/1/9; D. R. Hainsworth, Stewards, Lords, and People: The Estate Steward and His World in Later Stuart England (Cambridge, 1992), 208–209; Jim Bullock, Bowers Row: Recollections of a Mining Village (Wakefield, Eng., 1976), 163; Douglas Hay, „Poaching and the Game Laws on Canock Chase“, in Hay et al., eds., Albion’s Fatal Tree, 201–202; Manning, Village Revolts, 293; Douglas Hay „War, Dearth and Theft in the Eighteenth Century: The Record of the English Courts“, PP 95 (1982), 117–160. Ako povedal E. P. Thompson: „Muž, ktorý vo dne drie na panskom – a zapíše sa do dejín ako príklad úcty – môže v noci pokojne zabiť ovce, loviť bažanty alebo otráviť psy svojho pána.“ (Customs in Common: Studies in Traditional Popular Culture [New York, 1991], 66).
44. Robert M. Isherwood, Farce and Fantasy: Popular Entertainment in Eighteenth-Century Paris (New York, 1986), 208; Roger Thompson, Unfit for Modest Ears: A Study of Pornographic, Obscene and Bawdy Works Written or Published in England in the Second Half of the Seventeenth Century (Totowa, N.J., 1979), 59; Alexander Hamilton, Gentleman’s Progress: The Itinerarium of Dr. Alexander Hamilton, 1744, ed. Carl Bridenbaugh (Chapel Hill, N.C., 1948), 46; „T.S.C.P.“, PA, Nov. 13, 1767; Kathryn Norberg, „Prostitutes“, in HWW III, 459–474.
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24. Steven Bradwell, A Watch-man for the Pest … (Londýn, 1625), 39; 20. okt. 1763, Frederick A. Pottle, ed., Boswell in Holland 1763–1764 (New York, 1952), 49–50; Venner, Via Recta, 275; Izrael Spach, Theses Medicae de Somno et Vigilia … (Strasburg, 1597).
25. Jon Cowans, ed., Early Modern Spain: A Documentary History (Philadelphia, 2003), 121; Alan Macfarlane, The Justice and the Mare’s Ale: Law and Disorder in Seventeenth-Century England (Oxford, 1981), 56; John C. Fitzpatrick, ed., The Writings of George Washington . . . (Washington, D.C., 1931), I, 17. Informácie o nočných odevoch sú zriedkavé, ale pozri C. Willett a Phillis Cunnington, The History of Underclothes (Londýn, 1951), 41–43, 52, 61; Almut Junker, Zur Geschichte der Unterwäsche 1700–1960: eine Ausstellung des Historischen Museums Frankfurt, 28 April bis 28 August 1988 (Frankfurt, 1988), 10–78; Norbert Elias, The Civilizing Process: The Development of Manners . . . , prekl. Edmund Jephcott (New York, 1978), I, 164–165. O absencii odevov na spanie, pozri Edmond Cottinet, „La Nudité au Lit Selon Cathos et l’Histoire“, Le Moliériste (apríl 1883), 20–25 (jún 1883) 86–89; Dannednfeldt, „Renaissance Sleep“, 426.
26. Randle Cotgrave, A Dictionaire of the French and English Tongues (Londýn, 1611); Laurence Sterne, The Life & Opinions of Tristam Shandy, Gentleman (New York, 1950), 568; 22. sep. 1660, Pepy, denník, I, 251; Alison Weir, Henry VIII: The King and His Court (New York, 2001), 84.
27. The Queens Closet Opened … (Londýn, 1661), 60–61, 101–102; 11. aug. 1678, Michael Hunter a Annabel Gregory, eds., An Astrological Diary of the Seventeenth Century: Samuel Jeake of Rye, 1652–1699 (Oxford, 1988), 140; Christof Wirsung, Praxis Medicinae Universalis; or a Generall Practise of Phisicke … (Londýn, 1598), 618.
28. Moryson, Itinerary, IV, 44; „T.C.“, PL, 5. dec. 1765. In the Celestina: A Novel in Dialogue by Fernando de Rojas, prekl. Lesley Byrd Simpson (Berkeley, Calif., 1971), protagonista hovorí o víne: „Za zimnej noci nieto lepšieho ohrevu – keď vypijem tri džbánky predtým, ako idem spať, po celú noc necítim žiaden chlad. “ (104).
29. Bradwell, Watch-man, 38; „W.“, LC, 9. okt. 1763; Henry G. Bohn, A Hand-book of Proverbs … (Londýn, 1855), 28; 25. máj, 1767, Cozens-Hardy, ed., Neville Diary, 8; 29. feb. 1756, Turner, denník, 32.
30. Thomas Elyot, The Castel of Helthe (Londýn, 1539), fo. 46; Governal, In this Tretyse that Is Cleped Governayle of Helthe (New York, 1969); Bulletin, Goveriment of Health, 90.
31. 29. sep. 1661, Pepys, denník, II, 186; East Anglian Diaries, 51; Thomas, Religion and the Decline of Magic, 113–128; François Lebrun, „The Two Reformations: Communal Devotion and Personal Piety“, in HPL III, 96–97. Odkazy na „zamykanie“ noci nájdete v Owen Feltham, Resolves (Londýn, 1628), 406; 2. okt. 1704, Cowper, denník; Andrew Henderson, ed., Scottish Proverbs (Edinburgh, 1832), 48.
32. John Bartlett, Familiar Quotations . . . , ed. Emily Morison Beck et al. (Boston, 1980), 320; Whole Duty of Man, 388; Thomas Becon, The Early Works . . . , ed. John Ayre (Cambridge, 1843), 403.
33. Thankfull Remembrances of Gods Wonderful Deliverances … (n.p., 1628). TIež pozri 18. júl 1709, Cowper, denník. Známa je posvätná cornishská modlitba: „Od duchov a mátoh a dlhonohých zverov, ktoré vyčíňajú po nociach, ochraňuj nás, dobrý Pane!“ (Bartlett, Familiar Quotations, ed. Beck et al., 921).
34. Martine Segalen, Love and Power in the Peasant Family: Rural France in the Nineteenth Century, prekl. Sarah Matthews (Chicago, 1983, 124–125; Phillipe Martin, „Corps en Repos ou Corps en Danger? Le Sommeil dans les Livres de Piété (Second Moitié du XVIIIe Siècle)“, Revue d’Histoire et de Philosophie Religieuses 80 (2000), 253.
35. Gwyn Jones, comp., The Oxford Book of Welsh Verse in English (Oxford, 1977), 78; 15. júl 1705, Cowper, denník; Gervase Markham, Countrey Contentments … (Londýn, 1615), 31; William Lilly, A Groatsworth of Wit for a Penny; or, the Interpretation of Dreams (Londýn, [1750?]), 18.
36. Cogan, Haven of Health, 235.
37. Harrison, Description, 200–201; Raffaella Sarti, Europe at Home: Family and Material Culture, 1500–1800, prekl. Allan Cameron (New Haven, 2002), 120; John E. Crowley, The Invention of Comfort: Sensibilities & Design in Early Modern Britain & Early America (Baltimore, 2001), 73–76; Anne Fillon, „Comme on Fait son Lit, on se Couche 300 Ans d’Histoire du Lit Villageois“, in Populatiens et Cultures … Etudes Réunies en l’Honneur de François Lebrun (Rennes, 1989), 153–161.
38. Stephanie Grauman Wolf, As Various as Their Land: The Everyday Lives of Eighteenth-Century Americans (New York, 1993), 66; Carole Shammas, „The Domestic Environment in Early Modern England and America“, JSH 14 (1990), 169, 158; Dannenfeldt, „Renaissance Sleep“, 426 č. 31; Crowley, Comfort, na rôznych miestach; F. G. Emmison, Elizabethan Life: Home, Work & Land (Chelmsford, Eng., 1976), 12–15; Roche, Consumption, 182–185.
39. Bartlett, Familiar Quotations, ed. Beck et al., 290; Lemnius, Touchstone of Complexions, prekl. Newton, 73; Cogan, Haven of Health, 235; Bradwell, Watch-man, 39.
40. Alan Everitt, „Farm Labourers“, in Joan Thirsk, ed., The Agrarian History of England and Wales, IV, 1500–1640 (Londýn, 1967), 449; Horn, Adapting to a New World, 310–311, 324–325.
41. A. Browning, ed., English Historical Documents, 1660–1714 (New York, 1953), 729; [Ward], A Trip to Ireland … (n.p., 1699), 5.
42. Harrison, Description, 201; OBP, Sept. 9–16, 1767, 259; 19. feb. 1665, Pepys, denník, VI, 39; Cissie Fairchilds, Domestic Enemies: Servants & Their Masters in Old Regime France (Baltimore, 1984), 39; Steven L. Kaplan, The Bakers of Paris and the Bread Question, 1700–1775 (Durham, N.C., 1996), 259. Sluha v koloniálnom Marylande sa sťažoval: „Ako si môžeme oddýchnuť, len sa zabaliť do deky a uložiť sa na zem.“ (Elizabeth Sprigs to John Sprigs, 22. sep., 1756, v Merrill Jensen, ed., English Historical Documents: American Colonial Documents to 1776 [New York, 1955], 489), čo bolo osudom väčšiny otrokov v americkom novoveku. V niektorých príbytkoch by sa aj našla „posteľ zbitá z dosák“, otroci však častejšie spali na zemi uprostred slamy, handier alebo – tí šťastnejší – prikrytí niekoľkými hrubými dekami. (Morgan, Slave Counterpoint, 114).
43. OED, s.v. „bulkers“; John Heron Lepper, The Testaments of François Villon (New York, 1926), 12; Príkaz z 28. nov. 1732, Londýnsky súd Spoločnej rady, BL; Menna Prestwich, Cranfield: Politics and Profits Under the Early Stuarts (Oxford, 1966), 529; Paroimiographia (French), 18; H. S. Bennett, Life on the English Manor: A Study of Peasant Conditions, 1150–1400 (Cambridge, 1967), 233; Richard Parkinson, ed., The Private Journal and Literary Remains of John Byrom(Manchester, 1854), I, Časť 2, 407.
44. RB, VI, 220; Torriano, Proverbi, 127.
45. Alain Collomp, „Families: Habitations and Cohabitations“, in HPL III, 507; Flandrin, Families, prekl. Southern, 98–99; Flaherty, Privacy, 76–79.
46. Constantia Maxwell, Country and Town in Ireland under the Georges (Londýn, 1940), 123; Ménétra, Journal, 137; Flandrin, Families, prekl. Southern, 100. Výraz „to pig“, pozri OED; Journal of Twisden Bradbourn, 1693–1694, 1698, 19, Miscellaneous English Manuscripts c. 206, Bodl.; Edward Peacock, comp., A Glossary of Words Used in the Wapentakes of Manley and Corringham, Lincolnshire (Vaduz, Liecht., 1965), 191.
47. John Dunton, Teague Land, or a Merry Ramble to the Wild Irish: Letters from Ireland, 1698, ed. Edward MacLysaght (Blackrock, Ire., 1982), 21; Howard William Troyer, Five Travel Scripts Commonly Attributed to Edward Ward (New York, 1933), 5, 6; Maxwell, Ireland, 125; Patricia James, ed., The Travel Diaries of Thomas Robert Malthus (Londýn, 1966), 188; Pinkerton, Travels, III, 667.
48. James E. Savage, ed., The „Conceited Newes“ of Sir Thomas Overbury and His Friends (Gainesville, Fla., 1968), 260.
49. Elias, Civilizing Process, prekl. Jephcott, I, 160–163; Abel Boyer, The Compleat French-Master … (Londýn, 1699), 6; Elborg Forster, ed. and prekl., A Woman’s Life in the Court of the Sun King: Letters of Liselotte von der Pfalz, 1652–1722 (Baltimore, 1984), 149.
50. John Greaves Nall, ed., An Etymological and Comparative Glossary of the Dialect and Provincialism of East Anglia (Londýn, 1866), 512; Elias, Civilizing Process, prekl. Jephcott, I, 166–168.
51. 4. máj 1763, Frederick A. Pottle, ed., Boswell’s London Journal, 1762–1763 (New York, 1950), 253; 14. jún 1765, Frank Brady a Frederick A. Pottle, eds., Boswell on the Grand Tour: Italy, Corsica, and France, 1765–1766 (New York, 1955), 253; Isaac Heller, The Life and Confession of Isaac Heller … (Liberty, Ind., 1836). Tiež pozri Mary Nicholson, 28. feb. 1768, Assi 45/29/1/169; 23. mar. 1669, Pepys, denník, IX, 495.
52. Milly Harrison a O. M. Royston, comps., How They Lived (Oxford, 1965), II, 235; OBP, 13.-16. sep. 1758, 291.
53. Thomas Newcomb, The Manners of the Age … (Londýn, 1733), 454; 22. jún 1799, Drinker, denník, II, 1180; Thomas A. Wehr, „The Impact of Changes in Nightlength (Scotoperiod) on Human Sleep“, v F. W. Turek a P. C. Zee, eds., Neurobiology of Sleep and Circadian Rhythms (New York, 1999), 263–285.
54. LDA, 10. jún 1751; Sidney Oldall Addy, comp., A Supplement to the Sheffield Glossary (Vaduz, Liecht., 1965), 19; Kenneth J. Gergen et al., „Deviance in the Dark“, Psychology Today 7 (október 1973), 130.
55. Richard Bovet, Pandaemonium (Totowa, N.J., 1975), 118; James Orchard Halliwell, ed., The Autobiography and Personal Diary of Dr. Simon Forman … (Londýn, 1849), 8–9; The Princess Cloria: or, the Royal Romance (Londýn, 1661), 530; 15. dec. 1710, Cowper, denník.
56. Helmut Puff, Sodomy in Reformation Germany and Switzerland, 1400–1600 (Chicago, 2003), 77–78; OBP, 10.-16. sep. 1755, 309; G. R. Quaife, Wanton Wenches and Wayward Wives: Peasants and Illicit Sex in Early Seventeenth-Century England (Londýn, 1979), 73; Michael Rocke, Forbidden Friendships: Homosexuality and Male Culture in Renaissance Florence (New York, 1996), 156.
57. The English Rogue … (Londýn, 1671), Časť III, 31; David P. French, comp., Minor English Poets, 1660–1780 (New York, 1967), III, 318; Elias, Civilizing Process, prekl. Jephcott, I, 161; Maza, Servants and Masters, 184.
58. J. C. Ghosh, ed., The Works of Thomas Otway: Plays, Poems, and Love-Letters (Oxford, 1968), II, 340; Joanna Brooker, 21. nov. 1754, Suffolk Court Files #129733b, Suffolk County Court House, Boston.
59. Geoffrey Chaucer, Canterbury Tales (Avon, Ct., 1974), 440–441; George Morison Paul, ed., Diary of Sir Archibald Johnston of Wariston (Edinburgh, 1911), 56; 1. jan. 1663, Pepys, denník, IV, 2; 29. nov. 1776, Charles McC. Weiss a Frederick A. Pottle, eds., Boswell in Extremes, 1776–1778 (New York, 1970), 62; 28. dec. 1780, Joseph W. Reed a Frederick A. Pottle, eds., Boswell: Laird of Auchinleck, 1778–1782 (New York, 1977), 281.
60. Joshua Swetman, The Arraignment of Lewd, Idle, Froward [sic], and Unconstant Women … (Londýn, 1702), 43–44; 11. máj 1731, Clegg, denník, I, 118; Rudolph M. Bell, How to Do It: Guides to Good Living for Renaissance Italians (Chicago, 1999), 232; The Fifteen Joys of Marriage, prekl. Elisabeth Abbott (Londýn, 1959), 22–24, 72–84.
61. Edward Jerningham, The Welch Heiress (Londýn, 1795), 70; Denník Johna Eliota, 1768, 3, na rôznych miestach, Connecticut Historical Society, Hartford; 21. júl, 1700, Denník Johna Richardsa, Dorsetshire Record Office, Dorchester. Tiež pozri Autobiography of the Rev. Dr Alexander Carlyle, Minister of Inveresk … (Edinburgh, 1860), 545.
62. P.J.P. Goldberg, Women in England, c. 1275–1525: Documentary Sources (Manchester, 1995), 142; Ulinka Rublack, The Crimes of Women in Early Modern Germany (Oxford, 1999), 227; Boston Post-Boy, 17. aug. 17, 1752; NYWJ, 12. dec. 1737.
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44. Nicholas James, Poems on Several Occasions (Truro, Angl., 1742), 13; Herbert’s Devotions, 223; Sarah C. Maza, Servants and Masters in Eighteenth-Century France: The Uses of Loyalty (Princeton, N.J., 1983), 183 n. 61. Autor z robotníckej triedy John Younger sa neskôr vysmieval „rozvláčnym autorom jemnocitných románov“ za „opis sladkej nevedomosti chrápajúcioch roľníkov bez toho, aby skutočne poznali podmienky týchto ľudí.“ (Autobiografia Johna Youngera, obuvníka, St. Boswells … [Edinburgh, 1881], 133).
45. Pollak, „Effects of Noise“, 43.
46. 13. apr. 1719, William Byrd, The London Diary (1717–1721) and Other Writings, ed. Louis B. Wright a Marion Tinling (Oxford, 1958), 256; 9. okt. 1647, Yorkshire Diaries and Autobiographies in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries (Durham, Angl., 1875), I, 67; Coren, Sleep Thieves, 72–74, 286. Niet divu, že medzi nižšími vrstvami v ranom novoveku Európy bola mimoriadne príťažlivá „krajina Cockaigne“. Okrem iných pôžitkov v tomto utopickom raji muži a ženy odpočívali na „hodvábnych lôžkach“ a „tým, čo spali najviac, sa najviac dostávalo.“ (Piero Camporesi, The Land of Hunger, prekl. Tania Croft-Murray [Cambridge, Mass., 1996], 160–164).
47. Mechal Sobel, The World They Made Together: Black and White Values in Eighteenth-Century Virginia (Princeton, N.J., 1987), 24; James Scholefield, ed., The Works of James Pilkington, B. D., Lord Bishop of Durham (New York, 1968), 446; E. P. Thompson, „Time, Work-Discipline, and Industrial Capitalism“, PP 38 (1967), 56–97.
48. Camporesi, Bread of Dreams, 68–69; Coren, Sleep Thieves, na rôznych miestach.
DVANÁSTA KAPITOLA
1. Philip Wheelwright, Heraclitus (Princeton, N.J., 1959), 20.
2. Herbert’s Devotions … (Londýn, 1657), 236; Robert Louis Stevenson, The Cevennes Journal: Notes on a Journey through the French Highlands, ed. Gordon Golding (Edinburgh, 1978), 79–82.
3. Na výraz „prvý spánok“ som našiel 83 odkazov v celkovo 72 rôznych zdrojoch z obdobia rokov 1300-1800. Pre príklady, pozri text. Pre výrazy „prvé zdriemnutie“ a „hlboký spánok“, pozri A. Roger Ekirch, „Sleep We Have Lost: Pre-industrial Slumber in the British Isles“, AHR 106 (2001), 364. Menej odkazov na prerušovaný spánok som našiel v zdrojoch z ranej novovekej Ameriky, z čoho vyplýva, že tento jav – hoci sa v Severnej Amerike objavil – bol menej rozšírený, než v Európe. Dôvodom môžu byť rozdiely v pomere dňa a noci, alebo lepšia dostupnosť umelého osvetlenia v kolóniách. Vo dvoch zdrojoch—Benjamin Franklin, „Letter of the Drum“, PG, 23. apr. 1730, a Hudson Muse to Thomas Muse, 19. apr. 1771,„Original Letters“, WMQ 2 (1894), 240—sa objavuje výraz „prvé zdriemnutie“. Tiež pozri Ekirch, „Sleep We Have Lost“, 364.
4. Našiel som 21 odkazov na tieto pojmy, v celkovo devätnástich zdrojoch zo sedemnásteho a osemnásteho storočia (Ekirch, „Sleep We Have Lost“, 364).
5. Pre výrazy „primo sonno“ a „primo sono“, existuje v databáze ranej talianskej literatúry Opera del Vocabolario Italiano obsiahnutej v asociácii ItalNet (Web: www.lib.uchicago.edu/efts/ARTFL/projects/OVI/), 57 odkazov v celkovo 32 textoch, a to len zo štrnásteho storočia.
6. Pre výrazy „primo somno“, alebo s drobnými variáciami „primus somnus“ či „primi somni“, na ktoré som objavil 19 odkazov v 16 textoch, z nich polovicu z obdobia skoršieho ako trináste storočie, pozri napr. Ekirch, „Sleep We Have Lost“, 364–365. Pre výraz „concubia nocte“, pozri D. P. Simpson, Cassell’s Latin Dictionary (Londýn, 1982), 128.
7. Mid-Night Thoughts, Writ, as Some Think, by a London-Whigg, or a Westminster Tory … (Londýn, 1682), A 2, 17; William Keatinge Clay, ed., Private Prayers, Put Forth by Authority during the Reign of Queen Elizabeth (Londýn, 1968), 440–441; OED, s.v. „watching“.
8. Geoffrey Chaucer, The Canterbury Tales (Avon, Ct., 1974), 403; William Baldwin, Beware the Cat, ed. William Ringler, Jr., and Michael Flachmann (San Marino, Calif., 1988), 5.
9. George Wither, Ivvenila (Londýn, 1633), 239; Locke, An Essay Concerning Human Understanding (Londýn, 1690), 589. Tiež pozri Francis Peck, Desiderrata Curiosa … (Londýn, 1732), II, 33. Pre odkazy na „prvý spánok“ zvierat pozri napr. James Shirley, The Constant Maid (Londýn, 1640); Samuel Jackson Pratt, Harvest-Home … (Londýn, 1805), II, 457.
10. Raimundus Lullus, Liber de Regionibus Sanitatis et Informitatis (n.p., 1995), 107; Harrison, Description, 382. Tiež pozri Crusius, Nocte, ch. 3.11.
11. The Dramatic Works of Sir William D’Avenant (New York, 1964), III, 75; J. Irvine Smith, ed, Selected Justiciary Cases, 1624–1650 (Edinburgh, 1974), III, 642; Taillepied, Ghosts, 97–98; Richard Hurst, prekl., Endimion: An Excellent Fancy First Composed in French by Mounsieur Gombauld (Londýn, 1639), 74; Shirley Strum Kenny, ed., The Works of George Farquhar (Oxford, 1988), I, 100.
12. Governal, In this Tretyse that Is Cleped Governayle of Helthe (New York, 1969); William Bullein, A Newe Boke of Phisicke Called y Goveriment of Health … (Londýn, 1559), 90; Andrew Boorde, A Compendyous Regyment or a Dyetary of Health … (Londýn, 1547); André Du Laurens, A Discourse of the Preservation of the Sight … , ed. Sanford V. Larkey, prekl. Richard Surfleet ([Londýn], 1938), 190.
13. Emmanuel Le Roy Ladurie, Montaillou: The Promised Land of Error, prekl. Barbara Bray (New York, 1978), 277, 227; Nicolas Rémy, La Démonolâtrie, ed. Jean Boës (1595; rpt. edn., Lyons, bez datovania), 125. Tiež pozri Jean Duvernoy, ed., Le Régistre d’Inquisition de Jacques Fournier, Évêque de Pamiers (1318–1325) (Toulouse, 1965), I, 243.
14. Anthony C. Meisel a M. L. del Mastro, prekl., The Rule of St. Benedict (Garden City, N.Y., 1975), 66; Alan of Lille, The Art of Preaching, prekl. Gillian R. Evans (Kalamazoo, Mich., 1981), 136; Richard Baxter, Practical Works . . . (Londýn, 1838), I, 339; Mid-Night Thoughts, 158–159; Abbot Gasquet, English Monastic Life (Londýn, 1905), 111–112; C. H. Lawrence, Medieval Monasticism: Forms of Religious Life in Western Europe in the Middle Ages (Londýn, 1984), 28–30; John M. Staudenmaier, S. J., „What Ever Happened to the Holy Dark in the West? The Enlightenment Ideal & the European Mystical Tradition“, in Leo Marx and Bruce Mazlish, eds., Progress: Fact or Illusion? (Ann Arbor, Mich., 1996), 184.
15. Livy with an English Translation in Fourteen Volumes, prekl. F. G. Moore (Cambridge, Mass., 1966), VI, 372–373; Virgil, The Aeneid, prekl. Robert Fitzgerald (New York, 1992), 43; Pausanias, Description of Greece, prekl. W.H.S. Jones and H. A. Ormerod (Cambridge, 1966), II, 311; Plutarch, The Lives of the Noble Grecians and Romans, prekl. John Dryden (New York, 1979), 630, 1208; Allardyce Nicoll, ed., Chapman’s Homer: The Iliad, The Odyssey and the Lesser Homerica (Princeton, N.J., 1967), II, 73.
16. Paul Bohannon, „Concepts of Time among the Tiv of Nigeria“, Southwestern Journal of Anthropology 9 (1953), 253; Paul and Laura Bohannan, Three Source Notebooks in Tiv Ethnography (New Haven, 1958), 357; Bruno Gutmann, The Tribal Teachings of the Chagga (New Haven, 1932); George B. Silberbauer, Hunter and Habitat in the Central Kalahari Desert (Cambridge, 1981), 111.
17. Thomas A. Wehr, „A ‘Clock for All Seasons’ in the Human Brain“, in R. M. Buijs et al., eds., Hypothalamic Integration of Circadian Rhythms (Amsterdam, 1996), 319–340; Thomas A. Wehr, „The Impact of Changes in Nightlength (Scotoperiod) on Human Sleep“, in F. W. Turek and P. C. Zee, eds., Neurobiology of Sleep and Circadian Rhythms (New York, 1999), 263–285; Natalie Angier, „Modern Life Suppresses Ancient Body Rhythm“, New York Times, 14. mar. 1995; súkromná komunikácia Thomasa Wehra, 23. a 31. dec. 1996.
18. Warren E. Leary, „Feeling Tired and Run Down? It Could be the Lights“, NYT, 8. feb. 1996; Charles A. Czeisler, „The Effect of Light on the Human Circadian Pacemaker“, Derek J. Chadwick a Kate Ackrill, eds., Circadian Clocks and Their Adjustment (Chichester, Angl., 1995), 254–302; William C. Dement, The Promise of Sleep (New York, 1999), 98–101. Zásluhou Wehra je, že sa zamýšľal nad tým, že k bimodálnemu vzorcu spánku mohli prispieť aj iné okolnosti v jeho experimentoch, napr. nuda alebo nútený odpočinok jeho subjektov. „Bude potrebný ďalší výskum,“ napísal, „ktorým by sa zistilo, či a do akej miery bola tma ako taká alebo iné faktory spojené s tmou príčinou rozdielov, ktoré sme zaznamenali v spánku subjektov.“ (Thomas A. Wehr et al., „Conservation of Photoperiod-responsive Mechanisms in Humans“, American Journal of Physiology 265 [1993], R855.) Takéto faktory však zjavne v objemnom počte predindustriálnych zmienok o prvom a druhom spánku neprevládali. Odpočinok v týchto prípadoch nebol nedobrovoľný, ani nebol následkom monotónneho prostredia.
19. 14. dec. 1710, George Aitken, ed., The Tatler (1899; rpt. edn., New York, 1970), IV, 337, 339; 9. apr. 1664, Pepys, denník, V, 118; 19. mar. 1776, Charles Ryskamp a Frederick A. Pottle, eds., Boswell: The Ominous Years, 1774–1776 (New York, 1963), 276.
20. Edward MacCurdy, ed., The Notebooks of Leonardo Da Vinci (New York, 1938), II, 256–257.
21. Boorde, Compendyous Regyment, viii; John Dunton, Teague Land, or A Merry Ramble to the Wild Irish: Letters from Ireland, 1698, ed. Edward MacLysaght (Blackrock, Írsko., 1982), 25.
22. Thomas Jubb, 17. nov. 1740, Assi 45/22/1/102; 12. nov. 1729, 30. nov. 1726, 4. jan. 1728, Robert Sanderson, denník, St. John’s College, Cambridge; Francis James Child, ed., The English and Scottish Popular Ballads (New York, 1965), II, 241; Robert Boyle, Works … (Londýn, 1772), V, 341; Richard Wiseman, Eight Chirurgical Treatises … (Londýn, 1705), 505; Lyne Walter, An Essay towards a … Cure in the Small Pox (Londýn, 1714), 37.
23. Tobias Venner, Via Recta ad Vitam Longam … (Londýn, 1637), 272; Walter Pope, The Life of the Right Reverend Father in God Seth, Lord Bishop of Salisbury … (Londýn, 1697), 145; Best, Books, 124; Vosgien, An Historical and Biographical Dictionary … , prekl. Catharine Collignon, (Cambridge, 1801), IV.
24. Jane Allison, 15. mar. 1741, Assi 45/22/2/64B; Stephen Duck, The Thresher’s Labour (Los Angeles, 1985), 16; A. R. Myers, ed., English Historical Documents, 1327–1485 (Londýn, 1969), 1190.
25. Notes and Queries, 2. ser., 5, č. 115 (13. mar. 1858), 207; Tobias Smollett, Peregrine Pickle (New York, 1967), II, 244.
26. Franklin, Writings, ed. J. A. Leo Lemay (New York, 1987), 835.
27. JRAI, II, 376; Thomas Nicholson, 2. jún 1727, Assi 45/18/4/39–40; Herbert’s Devotions, 237; Anthony Horneck, The Happy Ascetick, or, the Best Exercise([Londýn], 1680), 414; Mary Atkinson, Mar. 9, 1771, Assi 45/30/1/3; Jane Rowth, 11. apr. 1697, Assi 45/17/2/93.
28. Nicolas Remy, Demonolatry, ed. Montague Summers a prekl. E. A. Ashwin (Secaucus, N.J., 1974), 43–46; Francesco Maria Guazzo, Compendium Maleficarum, ed. Montague Summers and prekl. E. A. Ashwin (Secaucus, N.J., 1974), 33–48.
29. Horneck, Happy Ascetick, 415; M. Lopes de Almeida, Diálogos de D. Frei Amador Arrais (Porto, 1974), 19; The Whole Duty of Prayer (Londýn, 1657), 13; Richard a John Day, A Booke of Christian Praiers . . . (Londýn, 1578), 440–441; R. Sherlock, The Practical Christian: or, the Devout Penitent … (Londýn, 1699), 322–323; Frederick James Furnivall, ed., Phillip Stubbes’s Anatomy of the Abuses in England in Shakespere’s Youth, a.d. 1583 (Londýn, 1877), 221.
30. Cowper, The Works (Londýn, 1836), IX, 45–50; Danielle Régnier-Bohler, „Imagining the Self“, in HPL II, 357; Mid-Night Thoughts.
31. Dorothy Rhodes, Mar. 18, 1650, York Depositions, 28. Tiež pozri Geoffroy de La Tour-Landry, Book of the Knight of La Tour Landry (Londýn, 1906), fo. 3b.; 4. jan. 1728, Sanderson, denník.
32. The Deceyte of Women … (n.p., 1568); Helen Simpson, ed. a prekl., The Waiting City: Paris, 1782–88. Being an Abridgement of Louis-Sébastian Mercier’s „Le Tableau de Paris“ (Philadelphia, 1933), 76; Aviel Orenstein, ed., Mishnah Berurah: Laws Concerning Miscellaneous Blessings, the Minchah Service, the Ma’ariv Service and Evening Conduct … (Jeruzalem, 1989), 435.
33. Laurent Joubert, Popular Errors, prekl. Gregory David de Rocher (Tuscaloosa, Ala., 1989), 112–113; Thomas Cogan, The Haven of Health (Londýn, 1588), 252. Tiež pozri Boorde, Compendyous Regyment; Orenstein, ed., Mishnah Berurah, 441.
34. Cardano, The Book of My Life (New York, 1962), 82; Thomas Jefferson, Writings, ed. Merrill D. Peterson (New York, 1984), 1417; Francis Quarles, Enchiridion… (Londýn, 1644), kap. 54.
35. Everie Woman in Her Humor (Londýn, 1609); Wilson, English Proverbs, 566. Tiež pozri 12. júl 1702, Cowper, denník; 24. máj 1595, Richard Rogers a Samuel Ward, Two Elizabethan Puritan Diaries, ed. Marshall Mason Knappen (Gloucester, Mass., 1966), 105.
36. Oliver Lawson Dick, ed., Aubrey’s Brief Lives (Londýn, 1950), 131; Crusius, Nocte, ch. 1.5; GM 18 (1748), 108; G and NDA, Feb. 11, 1769; Rita Shenton, Christopher Pinchbeck and His Family (Ashford, Angl., 1976), 29.
37. Régnier-Bohler, „Imagining the Self“, 390; Edmund Spenser, The Works … , ed. Edwin Greenlaw (Baltimore, 1947), II, 249; Richard Brome, The Northern Lasse(Londýn, 1632); William Davenant, The Platonick Lovers (Londýn, 1636); Cowper, Works, IX, 45.
38. Roy Harvey Pearce, ed., Nathaniel Hawthorne: Tales and Sketches … (New York, 1982), 200–201; John Wade, Redemption of Time … (Londýn, 1692), 187. Iný moralista, znepokojený potenciálnou masturbáciou, varoval, že spiaci „zvykne vstať hneď po prvom spánku“. (S.A.D. Tissot, Onanism: Or a Treatise upon the Disorders Produced by Masturbation … [Londýn, 1767], 122).
39. Mercier, The Night Cap (Philadelphia, 1788), 4.
40. Tertullian, Apologetical Works, prekl. Rudolph Arbesmann et al. (New York, 1950), 288; Sidney J. H. Herrtage, ed., Early English Versions of the Gesta Romanorum (Londýn, 1879), 207; Chaucer, Canterbury Tales, 403–404; 11. mar. 1676, Jane Lead, A Fountain of Gardens … (Londýn, 1697), 121; 6. jan. 1677, Heywood, denníky, I, 340; Peter Corbin and Douglas Sedge, eds., Ram Alley (Nottingham, 1981), 56.
41. Hubert, Egypts Favourite. The History of Joseph … (Londýn, 1631). Tiež pozri napr. William Vaughan, Naturall and Artificial Directions for Health … (Londýn, 1607), 55.
42. Looker-On, 22. máj 1792, 234; Geoffrey Keynes, ed., The Works of Sir Thomas Browne (Londýn, 1931), V, 185; Nashe, Works, I, 355.
43. Thomas Tryon, A Treatise of Dreams & Visions … (Londýn, 1689), 9; WR or UJ, 30. dec. 1732; Thomas, Religion and the Decline of Magic, 128–130.
44. Keynes, ed., Browne Works, V, 185; James K. Hosmer, ed., Winthop’s Journal: „History of New England“, 1630–1649 (New York, 1908), I, 121.
45. „Somnifer“, PA, 24. okt. 1767; S.R.F. Price, „The Future of Dreams: From Freud to Artemidorous“, PP 113 (1986), 31–32; Thomas Hill, The Most Pleasaunt Arte of the Interpretation of Dremes … (Londýn, [1571]); Nocturnal Revels: or, a General History of Dreams … , 2 diely (1706–1707).
46. Thomas Johnson, prekl., The Workes of that Famous Chirurgion Ambrose Parey (Londýn, 1649), 27; Ripa, Nocturno Tempore, ch. 9.27; Levinus Lemnius, The Touchstone of Complexions … , prekl. T. Newton (Londýn, 1576), 113–114.
47. Feltham, Resolves (Londýn, 1628), 18, 163; Thomas Tryon, Wisdom’s Dictates: or, Aphorisms & Rules … (Londýn, 1691), 68.
48. 12. sept., 1644, Josselin, denník, 20; 8. mar. 1626, The Works of the Most Reverend Father in God, William Laud … (Oxford, 1853), III, 201; 31. júl 1675, Sewall, denník, I, 12.
49. Lemnius, Touchstone, prekl. Newton, 114; Phillipe Martin, „Corps en Repos ou Corps en Danger? Le Sommeil dans les Livres de Piété (Seconde Moitié du XVIIIe Siècle)“, Revue d’Histoire et de Philosophie Religieuses 80 (2000), 255; 15. aug. 1665, 7. feb. 1669, Pepys, denník, VI, 191, IX, 439; Cannon, denník, 344. Penis bežne má erekciu počas sna, bez ohľadu na jeho obsah; v skutočnosti muži v priemere zažijú za noc „štyri až päť erekcií (v spánku), pričom každá trvá päť až desať minút.“ (Kenneth Jon Rose, The Body in Time [New York, 1989], 54, 95).
50. Charles Carlton, „The Dream Life of Archbishop Laud“, History Today 36 (1986), 9–14; Alan Macfarlane, The Family Life of Ralph Josselin, a Seventeenth-Century Clergyman (Cambridge, 1970), 183–187.
51. Cardano, Book of My Life, 156, 161; 24. júl 1751, James MacSparran, A Letter Book and Abstract of Out Services, Written during the Years 1743–1751, ed. Daniel Goodwin (Boston, 1899), 45; James Strachey, ed., The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud (Londýn, 1975), XXI, 203.
52. Torrington, Diaries, I, 165; 2. aug. 1589, 6. aug. 1597, J. O. Halliwell, ed., The Private Diary of Dr. John Dee (Londýn, 1842), 31, 59.
53. 2. jan. 1686, Sewall, denník, I, 91; Henry Fishwick, ed., The Note Book of the Rev. Thomas Jolly, a.d. 1671–1693 (Manchester, 1894), 100; Jean Bousquet, Les Thèmes du Rêve dans la Littérature Romantique (Paríž, 1964).
54. Lady Marchioness of Newcastle, Orations of Divers Sorts … (Londýn, 1662), 300.
55. 4. apr. 1706, 22. aug. 1716, Sewall, denník, I, 544, II, 829.
56. 4. sep. 1625, Laud Works, III, 173; 17. okt. 1588, Halliwell, ed., Dee Diary, 29; 20. mar. 1701, Robert Wodrow, Analecta: or, Materials for a History of Remarkable Providences … , ed. Matthew Leishman (Edinburgh, 1842), I, 6; 17. feb. 1802, Woodforde, denník, V, 369.
57. 20. nov. 1798, Drinker, denník, II, 112. Pozri napr. Cardano, Book of My Life, 89; Wodrow, Analecta, II, 315, III, 339; 15. júl 1738, Benjamin Hanbury, An Enlarged Series of Extracts from the Diary, Meditations and Letters of Mr. Joseph Williams (Londýn, 1815), 131.
58. 7. jan. 1648, C.H. Josten, ed., Elias Ashmole (1617–1692) … (Oxford, 1967), II, 467; 6. jan. 1784, Irma Lustig a Frederick Albert Pottle, eds., Boswell, The Applause of the Jury, 1782–1785 (New York, 1981), 175.
59. 10. feb. 1799, William Warren Sweet, Religion on the American Frontier, 1782–1840: The Methodists … (Chicago, 1946), IV, 217–218.
60. 30. jún 1654, 15. feb. 1658, Josselin, denník, 325, 419; 16. jún 1689, 18. mar. 1694, 13. feb. 1705, Sewall, denník, I, 219, 328, 518; 28. máj 1789, Woodforde, denník, III, 108; 2. dec. 1720, William Byrd, The London Diary (1717–1721) and Other Writings, ed. Louis B. Wright a Marion Tinling (Oxford, 1958), 481; 12. okt. 1582, Halliwell, ed., Dee Diary, 17; 29. jan. 1708, J. E. Foster, ed., The Diary of Samuel Newton (Cambridge, 1890), 118; 27. aug., 14. okt. 1773, Frederick A. Pottle a Charles H. Bennett, eds., Boswell’s Journal of a Tour to the Hebrides with Samuel Johnson, LL.D., 1773 (New York, 1961), 87–88, 303–304; 3. a 15. feb. 1776, Ryskamp a Pottle, eds., Ominous Years, 230, 235.
61. 30. máj 1695, Foster, ed., Newton Diary, 109; 21. dec. 1626, Laud Works, III, 197; Carlton, „Dream Life of Laud“, 13.
62. Mid-Night Thoughts, 34; Mark R. Cohen, ed. a prekl., The Autobiography of a Seventeenth-Century Venetian Rabbi: Leon Modena’s Life of Judah (Princeton, N.J., 1988), 94, 99; James J. Cartwright, The Wentworth Papers, 1705–1739 (Londýn, 1883), 148; Wolfgang Behringer, Shaman of Oberstorf: Chonrad Stoeckhlin and the Phantoms of the Night, prekl. H. C. Erik Midelfort (Charlottesville, Va., 1998); Boyereau Brinch, The Blind African Slave … (St. Albans, Vt., 1810), 149–150; Michael Craton, Testing the Chains: Resistance to Slavery in the British West Indies (Ithaca, N.Y., 1982), 250.
63. Another Collection of Philosophical Conferences of the French Virtuosi … , prekl. G. Havers a J. Davies (Londýn, 1665), 3; Jean de La Fontaine, Selected Fables, ed. Maya Slater a prekl. Christopher Wood (Oxford, 1995), 283; Jacques Le Goff, The Medieval Imagination, prekl. Arthur Goldhammer (Chicago, 1988), 234. Tiež pozri Torriano, Proverbi, 261.
64. David P. French, comp., Minor English Poets, 1660–1780; A Selection from Alexander Chalmers’ The English Poets (New York, 1967), II, 259; „Meditations on a Bed“, US and WJ, 5. feb. 1737; Enid Porter, The Folklore of East Anglia (Totowa, N.J., 1974), 126–127; David Simpson, A Discourse on Dreams and Night Visions; with Numerous Examples Ancient and Modern (Macclesfield, Angl., 1791), 61.
65. Z toho pramení rozruch Roberta Leya: „Jediná osoba, ktorá ešte vedie v Nemecku súkromný život, je tá, ktorá spí.“ (George Steiner, No Passion Spent: Essays 1978–1996 [Londýn, 1996], 211); Augustine FitzGerald, ed., The Essays and Hymns of Synesius of Cyrene … (Londýn, 1930), 345; Carlo Ginzburg, The Night Battles: Witchcraft & Agrarian Cults in the Sixteenth & Seventeenth Centuries, prekl. John a Anne Tedeschi (Londýn, 1983).
66. RB, VII, 11–12; Thomas, Religion and the Decline of Magic, 148; Mercier, Night Cap, I, 4; Robert L. Van De Castle, Our Dreaming Mind (New York, 1994), 333–334.
67. Pre „poruchu správania v spánku“ pozri komunikáciu Jonathana Woolfsona, 30. okt. 1997, H-Albion; D. M. Moir, ed., The Life of Mansie Wauch: Tailor in Dalkeith (Edinburgh, 1828), 273–274; Dement, Promise of Sleep, 208–211.
68. Erika Bourguignon, „Dreams and Altered States of Consciousness in Anthropological Research“, v Francis L. K. Hsu, ed., Psychological Anthropology(Cambridge, Mass., 1972), 403–434; Vilhelm Aubert a Harrison White, „Sleep: A Sociological Interpretation. I“, Acta Sociologica 4 (1959), 48–49; Beryl Larry Bellman, Village of Curers and Assassins: On the Production of Fala Kpelle Cosmological Categories (Haag, 1975), 165–178; Cora Du Bois, The People of Alor: A Social-Psychological Study of an East Indian Island (New York, 1961), I, 45–46.
69. John Ashton, ed., Chap-Books of the Eighteenth Century (New York, 1966), 85; Franklin, Writings, ed. Lemay, 118–122. Tiež pozri 5. jan. 1679, Josselin, denník, 617.
70. 16. sep. 1745, Parkman, denník, 124; „On Dreams“, Pennsylvania Magazine, or American Monthly Museum, 1776, 119–122; 2. júl 1804, Drinker, denník, III, 1753. Tiež pozri Simpson, Discourse on Dreams, 59; John Robert Shaw, An Autobiography of Thirty Years, 1777–1807, ed. Oressa M. Teagarden a Jeanne L. Crabtree (Columbus, Ohio, 1992), 131.
71. Patricia Crawford, „Women’s Dreams in Early Modern England“, History Workshop Journal 49 (2000), 140; „Titus Trophonius“, 4. okt. 1712, Donald F. Bond, ed., The Spectator (Oxford, 1965), V, 293–294; Karen Ordahl Kupperman, Indians and English: Facing Off in Early America (Ithaca, N.Y., 2000), 128–129; Cartwright, ed., Wentworth Papers, 538; Thomas, Religion and the Decline of Magic, 130.
72. Lacey, „Hannah Heaton“, 286; 20. aug. 1737, Kay, denník, 12, 39; Mechal Sobel, „The Revolution in Selves: Black and White Inner Aliens“, v Ronald Hoffman et al., eds., Through a Glass Darkly: Reflections on Personal Identity in Early America (Chapel Hill, N.C., 1997), 180–200; David Hackett Fischer, Albion’s Seed: Four British Folkways in America (New York, 1989), 519.
73. William Philips, The Revengeful Queen (Londýn, 1698), 39; jan. 1723, Wodrow, Analecta, ed. Leishman, III, 374; SWA or LJ, 3. sep. 1770; OBP, 4. jún 1783, 590.
74. John Whaley, A Collection of Original Poems and Translations (Londýn, 1745), 257; John Dryden and Nathaniel Lee, Oedipus (Londýn, 1679), 14.
75. Marcel Foucault, Le Rêve: Études et Observations (Paríž, 1906), 169–170; 16. jan. 1780, Joseph W. Reed a Frederick A. Pottle, eds., Boswell: Laird of Auchinleck, 1778–1782 (New York, 1977), 169; The New Art of Thriving; or, the Way to Get and Keep Money … (Edinburgh, 1706); Van De Castle, Dreaming Mind, 466.
76. Jean Anthelme Brillat-Savarin, The Physiology of Taste, or, Meditations on Transcendental Gastronomy, prekl. M.F.K. Fisher (New York, 1949), 222; Wehr, „Clock for All Seasons“, 338; Wehr, „Changes in Nightlength“, 269–273; Súkromná komunikácia Wehra, 23. a 31. dec. 1996; Carter A. Daniel, ed., The Plays of John Lyly (Lewisburg, Pa., 1988), 123; Breton, Works, II, 12; Barbara E. Lacey, ed., The World of Hannah Heaton: The Diary of an Eighteenth-Century New England Farm Woman (DeKalb, Ill., 2003), 83; 20. aug. 1737, Kay, denník, 12, 39. Hoci si ho ľudia nepamätajú alebo ho nevnímajú, snenie – samozrejme – prichádza aj „ráno“, alebo v „druhom spánku.“ (Ekirch, „Sleep We Have Lost“, 382).
KEĎ KOHÚT ZAKIKIRÍKA
1. GM 25 (1755), 57.
2. M. De Valois d’Orville, Les Nouvelles Lanternes (Paríž, 1746), 4; 10. máj 1797, Drinker, denník, II, 916; R.L.W., Journal of a Tour from London to Elgin Made About 1790 … (Edinburgh, 1897), 74; Hans-Joachim Voth, Time and Work in England, 1750–1830 (Oxford, 2000), 67–69.
3. Elkan Nathan Adler, ed., Jewish Travellers: A Treasury of Travelogues from 9 Centuries (New York, 1966), 350; Robert Semple, Observations on a Journey through Spain and Italy to Naples … (Londýn, 1808), II, 83; Humphrey Jennings, Pandaemonium, 1660–1886: The Coming of the Machine as Seen by Contemporary Observers (New York, 1985), 115; Boston Newsletter, 27. feb. 1772; Duke de la Rochefoucault Liancourt, Travels through the United States of North America … (Londýn, 1799), II, 380.
4. PA, 15. júl 1762; Thomas, Religion and the Decline of Magic, 650–655; James Sharpe, Instruments of Darkness: Witchcraft in England, 1550–1750 (New York, 1996), 229–230, 257–275, 290–293; Alan Macfarlane, The Culture of Capitalism (Oxford, 1987), 79–82, 100–101.
5. DUR, 4. sep. 1788; SAS, XII, 244; „Your Constant Reader“, a „A Bristol Conjuror“, BC, 17. feb. 1762; „Crito“, LEP, 15. mar. 1762; Jonathan Barry, „Piety and the Patient: Medicine and Religion in Eighteenth Century Bristol“, v Roy Porter, ed., Patients and Practitioners: Lay Perceptions of Medicine in Pre-Industrial Society (Cambridge, 1985), 160–161.
6. Denník Jamesa Robsona 1787, Add. Mss. 38837, fo. 9, BL; Winslow C. Watson, ed., Men and Times of the Revolution; or, Memoirs of Elkanah Watson, Including Journals of Travels (New York, 1856), 96; Bryan Edwards, „Description of a Nocturnal Sky, as Surveyed Nearly Beneath the Line“, Massachusetts Magazine 7 (1795), 370; „Valverdi“, Literary Magazine 7 (1807), 449; Macfarlane, Culture of Capitalism, 80–81, 102–103. Obľúbenosť teleskopov – pozri napr. 12. nov. 1720, The Family Memoirs of the Rev. William Stukeley, M.D. … (Londýn, 1882), I, 75; 30. sep. 1756, J. B. Paul, ed., Diary of George Ridpath (Edinburgh, 1910), 92; 22. jún 1806, Drinker, denník, III, 1940.
7. M. D’Archenholz, A Picture of England … (Londýn, 1789), I, 136; Nikolai Mikhailovich Karamzin, Letters of a Russian Traveler, 1789–1790 … (New York, 1957), 181, 268; Mr. Pratt, Gleanings through Wales, Holland, and Westphalia (Londýn, 1798), 167; Peter Borsay, The English Urban Renaissance: Culture and Society in the Provincial Town, 1660–1770 (Oxford, 1989), 22, 34.
8. Torrington, denníky, II, 195, 196, I, 20; John Henry Manners, Journal of a Tour through North and South Wales (Londýn, 1805), 64; Gary Cross, A Social History of Leisure since 1600 (State College, Pa., 1990), 59.
9. James Essex, Journal of a Tour through Part of Flanders and France in August 1773, ed. W. M. Fawcett (Cambridge, 1888), 2.
10. Pierre Goubert, The Ancien Régime: French Society, 1600–1750, prekl. Steve Cox (Londýn, 1973), 223; William Edward Mead, The Grand Tour in the Eighteenth Century (New York, 1972), 222, 359; Christopher Friedrichs, The Early Modern City, 1450–1750 (Londýn, 1995), 25.
11. Midnight the Signal: In Sixteen Letters to a Lady of Quality (Londýn, 1779), I, 147, na rôznych miestach; Koslofsky, „Court Culture“, 744; Barbara DeWolfe Howe, Discoveries of America: Personal Accounts of British Emigrants to North America during the Revolutionary Era (Cambridge, 1997), 217; Pinkerton, Travels, II, 790.
12. US and WJ, 13. okt. 1733; A Humorous Description of the Manners and Fashions of Dublin (Dublin, 1734), 5; The Memoirs of Charles-Lewis, Baron de Pollnitz … (Londýn, 1739), I, 411; Robert Anderson, The Works of John Moore, M.D. … (Edinburgh, 1820), 171; Roy Porter, The Creation of the Modern World: The Untold Story of the British Enlightenment (New York, 2000), 435–436; Peter Clark, British Clubs and Societies, 1580–1800: The Origins of an Associational World (Oxford, 2000).
13. British Journal, 12. sept. 1730.
14. Henry Fielding, An Enquiry into the Causes of the Late Increase of Robbers and Related Writings, ed. Malvin R. Zirker (Middletown, Ct., 1988), 231; LC, 9. sep. 1758, 19. mar. 1785; J. Hanway, Letter to Mr. John Spranger … (Londýn, 1754), 34; Fréderique Pitou, „Jeunesse et Désordre Social: Les ‘Coureurs de Nuit’ à Laval au XVIIIe Siècle“, Revue d’Histoire Moderne et Contemporaine 47 (2000), 70; G & NDA, 27. nov. 1767; Horace Walpole, Correspondence with Sir Horace Mann, ed. W. S. Lewis et al. (New Haven, 1967), VIII, 47; Bruce Lenman a Geoffrey Parker, „The State, the Community and the Criminal Law in Early Modern Europe“, in V.A.C. Gatrell et al., eds., Crime and the Law: The Social History of Crime in Western Europe since 1500 (Londýn, 1980), 38; J. Paul De Castro, The Gordon Riots (Londýn, 1926); Carl Bridenbaugh, Cities in Revolt: Urban Life in America, 1743–1776 (Oxford, 1971), 300–303.
15. DUR, 30. nov. 1785; Borsay, Urban Renaissance, na rôznych miestach; Peter Clark, The English Alehouse: A Social History (Londýn, 1983), 256–259.
16. 9 George II. c.20; „Mémoire sur Necessité d’Éclairer la Ville, Présenté par Quelques Citoyens au Conseil“, 26. jan. 1775, Archív Ženevy, Ženeva; J. M. Beattie, Policing and Punishment in London, 1660–1750: Urban Crime and the Limits of Terror (Oxford, 2001), 221–223; Wolfgang Schivelbusch, Disenchanted Night: The Industrialization of Light in the Nineteenth Century, prekl. Angela Davies (Berkeley, Calif., 1988), 9–14.
17. Times, 14. máj 1807; „F. W.“, LM, 6. jan. 1815; Jane Austen, Sandition (Boston, 1975), 221; O’Dea, Lighting, 98; Pounds, Home, 388; Brian T. Robson, Urban Growth: An Approach (Londýn, 1973), 178–183; John A. Jakle, City Lights: Illuminating the American Night (Baltimore, 2001), 26–37.
18. LC, 17. jan. 1758; „Case of the Petitioners against the Bill, for Establishing a Nightly-Watch within the City of Bristol“, 1755, BL; PA, 15. júl 1785; Alan Williams, The Police of Paris, 1718–1789 (Baton Rouge, 1979), 71; Ruff, Violence, 88–91.
19. BC, 11. aug. 1762; David Philips and Robert D. Storch, Policing Provincial England, 1829–1856: The Politics of Reform (Londýn, 1999), 63; Beattie, Crime, 67–72; Elaine A. Reynolds, Before the Bobbies: The Night Watch and Police Reform in Metropolitan London, 1720–1830 (Stanford, Calif., 1998); Stanley H. Palmer, Police and Protest in England and Ireland, 1780–1850 (Cambridge, 1988), na rôznych miestach; David Philips, “‘A New Engine of Power and Authority’: The Institutionalization of Law-Enforcement in England 1780–1830“, in Gatrell et al., eds., Crime and the Law, 155–189; James F. Richardson, Urban Police in the United States (Port Washington, N.Y., 1974), 19–28.
20. „Night Hawk“, Mechanics Free Press (Philadelphia), 7. nov. 1829; Louis Bader, „Gas Illumination in New York City, 1823–1863“ (Ph.D. diss., New York Univ., 1970), 334; Mary Lee Mann, ed., A Yankee Jeffersonian: Selections from the Diary and Letters of William Lee of Massachusetts (Cambridge, Mass., 1958), 37; Pounds, Home, 388; Johan Goudsblom, Fire and Civilization (Londýn, 1992), 150, 176–178. O blahodarnom účinku pouličného osvetlenia a o kriminalite vo všeobecnosti, pozri Jane Jacobs, The Death and Life of Great American Cities (New York, 1961), 41–42; Kate Painter, „Designing Out Crime—Lighting, Safety and the Urban Realm“, v Andrew Lovatt et al., eds., The 24-Hour City … (Manchester, 1994), 133–138.
21. Maurice Rollinat, Oeuvres (Paríž, 1972), II, 282. Allan Silver, „The Demand for Order in Civil Society: A Review of Some Themes in the History of Urban Crime, Police and Riot“, v D. Bordua, ed., The Police: Six Sociological Essays (New York, 1967), 1–24; Anna Clark, Women’s Silence, Men’s Violence: Sexual Assault in England, 1770–1845 (New York, 1987), 118.
22. Ralph Waldo Emerson, Essays & Lectures, ed. Joel Porte (New York, 1983), 1067; Joachim Schlör, Nights in the Big City: Paris, Berlin, London 1840–1930, prekl. Pierre Gottfried Imhof and Dafydd Rees Roberts (Londýn, 1998), 287; Mark J. Bouman, „The ‘Good Lamp Is the Best Police’ Metaphor and Ideologies of the Nineteenth-Century Urban Landscape“, American Studies 32 (1991), 66.
23. The Journeyman Engineer, The Great Unwashed (Londýn, 1869), 199; A. H. Bullen, ed., The Works of Thomas Middleton (1885; rpt. edn., New York, 1964), VIII, 14; A. Roger Ekirch, „Sleep We Have Lost: Pre-industrial Slumber in the British Isles“, AHR 106 (2001), 383–385; Thomas A. Wehr, „A ‘Clock for All Seasons’ in the Human Brain“, in R. M. Buijs et al., eds., Hypothalamic Integration of Circadian Rhythms (Amsterdam, 1996), 319–340; Thomas A. Wehr, „The Impact of Changes in Nightlength (Scotoperiod) on Human Sleep“, in F.W. Turek and P.C. Zee, eds., Neurobiology of Sleep and Circadian Rhythms (New York, 1999), 263–285; P. Lippmann, „Dreams and Psychoanalysis: A Love-Hate Story“, Psychoanlytic Psychology 17 (2000), 627–650. Roger Bastide o snoch napísal: „V našej západnej civilizácii, … mosty medzi dňom a nocou padli. Je pravda, že stále narazíte na ľudí – a nielen z nižších spoločenských vrstiev –, ktorí sa odvolávajú na snáre, alebo ktorí skúmajú svoje sny a pripisujú im vo svojom živote určitú úlohu. Takéto ponímanie snov je však osobné a nikdy nebude inštitucionalizované. Práve naopak, namiesto toho, aby sa stali regulovanými normami správania, považujú sa za odchýlky; sú klasifikované ako „povery“; niekedy sa dokonca uvádza, že ľudia, ktorí hľadajú v snoch význam alebo nasmerovanie, sú čudáci.“(„The Sociology of the Dream“, in Gustave Von Grunebaum,The Dream and Human Societies [Berkeley, Calif., 1966], 200–201).
24. R. W. Flint, ed., Marinetti: Selected Writings, prekl. R. W. Flint and Arthur A. Coppotelli (New York, 1979), 56.
25. Frederic J. Baumgartner, A History of Papal Elections (New York, 2003), 191; Rev. Dr. Render, A Tour through Germany … (Londýn, 1801), II, 37. Rok 1816 je nesprávne uvedený, ale článok z Zeitung, „Arguments against Light“, je preložený v diele M. Luckiesha, Artificial Light: Its Influence upon Civilization (New York, 1920), 157–158.
26. Schlör, Nights in the Big City, prekl. Imhof a Roberts, 66; Christian Augustus Gottlief Goede, A Foreigner’s Opinion of England … , prekl. Thomas Horne (Boston, 1822), 47; Richard L. Bushman, The Refinement of America: Persons, Houses, Cities (New York, 1992), 365; Garnert, Lampan, 126; Schindler, Rebellion, 221; Eugen Weber, France Fin de Siècle (Cambridge, Mass., 1986), 54.
27. Victor Hugo, Les Misérables, prekl. Isabel F. Hapgood (New York, 1887), II, Pt. 1, 313–316; Schivelbusch, Disenchanted Night, 105, 97–114, na rôznych miestach; Wolfgang Schivelbusch, „The Policing of Street Lighting“, Yale French Studies 73 (1987), 73, 61–74, na rôznych miestach; Eugène Defrance, Histoire de l’Éclairage des Rues de Paris (Paríž, 1904), 104–106; Garnert, Lampan, 123–129.
28. Joseph Lawson, Letters to the Young on Progress in Pudsey during the Last Sixty Years (Stanningley, Angl., 1887), 33; [Charles Shaw], When I Was a Child (1903; rpt. edn., Firle, Eng., 1977), 37; Silvia Mantini, „Notte in Città, Notte in Campagna tra Medioevo ed Età Moderna“, v Mario Sbriccoli, ed., La Notte: Ordine, Sicurezza e Disciplinamento in Età Moderna (Florencia, 1991), 42; Pounds, Culture, 420–423; James Obelkevich, Religion and Rural Society: South Lindsey, 1825–1875 (Oxford, 1976), na rôznych miestach; Judith Develin, The Superstitious Mind: French Peasants and the Supernatural in the Nineteenth Century (New Haven, 1987).
29. George Sturt, Change in the Village (1912; rpt. edn., Harmondsworth, Angl., 1984), 121, 8.
30. Dagobert D. Runes, The Diary and Sundry Observations of Thomas Alva Edison (New York, 1948), 232; Ekirch, „Sleep We have Lost“, 383–385; Patricia Edmonds, „In Jampacked Days, Sleep Time is the First to Go“, USA Today, April 10, 1995; Andree Brooks, „For Teen-Agers, Too Much to Do, Too Little Time for Sleep“, New York Times, Oct. 31, 1996; Amanda Onion, „The No-Doze Soldier: Military Seeking Radical Ways of Stumping Need for Sleep“, 18. dec. 2002, Web: www.abcNEWS.com. Pre preskúmanie noci v modernej dobe, pozri Murray Melbin, Night as Frontier: Colonizing the World after Dark (New York, 1987); Kevin Coyne, A Day in the Night of America (New York, 1992); A. Alvarez, Night: Night Life, Night Language, Sleep, and Dreams (New York, 1995); Christopher Dewdney, Acquainted with the Night: Excursions through the World after Dark (New York, 2004).
31. Montague Summers, ed., Dryden: The Dramatic Works (1932; rpt. edn., New York, 1968), VI, 159; Arthur R. Upgren, „Night Blindness“, Amicus Journal 17 (1996), 22–25; David L. Crawford, „Light Pollution—Theft of the Night“, in Derek McNally, ed., The Vanishing Universe: Adverse Environmental Impacts on Astronomy (Cambridge, 1994), 27–33.
32. Warren E. Leary, „Russia’s Space Mirror Bends Light of Sun into the Dark“, NYT, Times, 5. feb. 1993; „Russian Space Mirror Reflector Prototype Fails“, Boston Globe, 5. feb. 1999.